1. Group Dynamics & Team Building
Dr. Z. Zayapragassarazan, PhD.,
Associate Professor of Educational Technology (Medical Education)
Department of Medical Education
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER)
Puducherry
India.
Dr Z Zayapragassrazan JIPMER India

2. Dr Z Zayapragassrazan JIPMER India
Objectives
At the end of this session the participants shall be able to:
- understand the concept of group dynamics and team work
-identify the factors facilitating or hindering group dynamics
-appreciate the role played by different team members
-recognize the stages of development of a team
Dr Z Zayapragassrazan JIPMER India

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Group
A group is a collection of people with some common characteristics or purpose and are connected to one another by social relationships.
Dr Z Zayapragassrazan JIPMER India

4. Dr Z Zayapragassrazan JIPMER India
Group Dynamics
A group of two or more people interacting with each other in a manner that each person influences and is influenced by each other person
Dr Z Zayapragassrazan JIPMER India

5. Getting People To W____ T________!
The Biggest Challenge?
Getting People To W____ T________!
Dr Z Zayapragassrazan JIPMER India

6. Getting People To Work Together
The Biggest Challenge?
Getting People To Work Together
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7. Exercise-1 Communication
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8. Communication Exercise - Discussion
How does the message change when it is conveyed from one person to another?
What were the weaknesses of the message itself hampering correct transfer?
What were the weaknesses of the people transferring the message?
How can we communicate in a better & more effective way?
Dr Z Zayapragassrazan JIPMER India

9. Communication Exercise – Educational Implications
One-way communication is ineffective when two-way communication is needed.
Listening is just as effective as talking
What we say is often not what people hear?
It is difficult to describe visual pictures or objects
Dr Z Zayapragassrazan JIPMER India

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Team Building
Team
Two or more people working together to achieve a shared goal
Team Building
The process of getting people to work together effectively to achieve a shared goal
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Exercise-2 Lost on the moon Group Dynamics-Team Building Time: 15 min 5min for Individual Ranking 10 min for Group Ranking
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12. Total Individual Score
Scoring Form 1 2 3 4 5 6
Item
Your Ranking A
Error Points
│A−B│
NASA’s Ranking B
Team Ranking C
Error Points │C−B│
Box of matches
Food concentrate
50 feet of nylon rope
Parachute silk
Two 0.45 caliber pistols
One case of dehydrated milk
Two 100-pound tanks of oxygen
Stellar map
Self-inflating life raft
Magnetic compass
5 gallons of water
Signal flares
First aid kit containing injection needles
Solar powered FM receiver-transmitter
Portable heating unit
Total Individual Score
Total Team Score
Dr Z Zayapragassrazan JIPMER India

13. Lost on the Moon Actual NASA Ranking
Item
NASA’s Ranking
NASA’s Reasoning
Box of matches 15
Virtually worthless -- there's no oxygen on the moon to sustain combustion.
Food concentrate 4
Efficient means of supplying energy
requirements.
50 feet of nylon rope 6
Useful in scaling cliffs and tying injured together.
Parachute silk 8
Protection from the sun's rays.
Two 0.45 caliber pistols 11
Possible means of self-propulsion.
One case of dehydrated milk 12
Bulkier duplication of food concentrate.
Two 100-pound tanks of oxygen 1
Most pressing survival need (weight is not a factor since gravity is one-sixth of the Earth's -- each tank would weigh only about 17 lbs. on the moon.)
Stellar map 3
Primary means of navigation - star patterns appear essentially identical on the moon as on Earth.
Self-inflating life raft 9
CO2 bottle in military raft may be used for propulsion.
Magnetic compass 14
The magnetic field on the moon is not polarized, so it's worthless for navigation.
5 gallons of water 2
Needed for replacement of tremendous liquid loss on the light side.
Signal flares 10
Use as distress signal when the mother ship is sighted.
First aid kit containing injection needles 7
Needles connected to vials of vitamins, medicines, etc. will fit special aperture in NASA space suit.
Solar powered FM receiver-transmitter 5
For communication with mother ship (but FM requires line-of-sight transmission and can only be used over short ranges.)
Portable heating unit 13
Not needed unless on the dark side.
Dr Z Zayapragassrazan JIPMER India

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Scores and inferences
00 – 25
Excellent.
You and your crew demonstrate great survival skills!
26 – 32
Good.
Above average results. Yes, you made it!
33 – 45
Average.
It was a struggle, but you made it in the end!
46 – 55
Fair.
At least you’re still alive, but only just!
56 – 70
Poor.
Sadly not everyone made it back to the mother ship!
71 +
Very poor
Oh dear, your bodies lie lifeless on the surface of the moon!
Dr Z Zayapragassrazan JIPMER India

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What did we learn?
How were decisions made?
Who influenced the decisions and how?
How could better decisions have been made?
Did people listen to each other? if not why?
What roles did group members adopt?
How was conflict managed?
What kinds of behavior helped or hindered the group?
Dr Z Zayapragassrazan JIPMER India

16. Exercise-3 Broken square game Co-operation and Co-ordination
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Discussion
Different behaviors of team members
Feelings of people who succeeded/left out/sacrificed for group goal
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Group
Two or more people who interact with each other to accomplish certain goals or meet certain needs.
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19. Dr Z Zayapragassrazan JIPMER India
Existence of a group
If a group exists, the members:
Motivate to join.
Perceive the group as a unified unit of interacting people.
Contribute in various degrees.
Have agreements and disagreements, but finally a common outcome.
Dr Z Zayapragassrazan JIPMER India

20. Reasons for Joining Groups
Security
Group reduces insecurity and standing alone syndrome.
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21. Reasons for Joining Groups
Status
Recognition and status same as that of group
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22. Reasons for Joining Groups
Self-Esteem Self importance
Dr Z Zayapragassrazan JIPMER India

23. Reasons for Joining Groups
Affiliation Fulfills need of affection
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24. Reasons for Joining Groups
Power
There is power in number
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25. Reasons for Joining Groups
Goal achievement
Pool of talent, skills and knowledge
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26. Five Stage Model of Group Formation (Bruce Tuckman 1965)
may
disband
either
after
meeting
their goals
or because
members
Leave
Stage V
Adjourning
Group
members
work
towards
getting
their jobs
done
Stage IV
Performing
Members
Work
Together
developing
close
relationships
& feelings of
cohesiveness
Stage III
Norming
Members
come to
Resist
Control by
group
Leaders &
Show
hostility
Stage II
Storming
Stage I
Forming
Members
get to know
each other &
set ground
rules
Bruce Tuckman is a professor of Educational Psychology Ohio state University
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27. Factors Affecting Group Performance
COHESIVENESS
NORMS
SIZE
COMPOSITION
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28. Roles Played by Group Members Relations oriented roles
Task oriented roles
Relations oriented roles
Self oriented roles
Initiators:
Contributors
Recommend new solutions to group problems.
Harmonizers:
Mediate group conflicts
Blockers:
Act stubborn and resistant to the group.
Information Seekers:
Attempt to obtain the necessary facts.
Compromisers:
Shift own opinions to create group harmony.
Recognition seekers:
Call attention to their own achievements.
Opinion Givers:
Share own opinions with others
Encouragers:
Praise & encourage others
Dominators:
Assert authority by manipulating the group
Energizers:
Stimulate the group into action whenever interested
Expediters:
Suggest ways the group can operate more smoothly.
Avoiders:
Maintain distance, isolate themselves from fellow group members.
Dr Z Zayapragassrazan JIPMER India

29. Educational Implications of Groups
Interaction deepens understanding
Abstract and complex concepts can be discussed
More knowledge in short time
Factual knowledge can be subjected to reasoning, problem solving and decision making.
Understand one’s own behaviour
Helps to understand attitude
Fosters active learning through peer interaction
Fosters critical thinking and motivation
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Questions ?
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Summary
A team is a group whose members work intensely with each other to achieve a specific, common goal or objective.
Understanding group dynamics helps to identify personalities and helps in making ability grouping
All teams are groups but not all groups are teams.
Teams often are difficult to form.
It takes time for members to learn how to work together.
TEAM- Together Everyone Achieves More
Dr Z Zayapragassrazan JIPMER India

32. Dr Z Zayapragassrazan JIPMER India
Thanks
Dr Z Zayapragassrazan JIPMER India