1. Transport Across Cell Membranes
Describe the various types of transport across the cell membrane.
Describe a solution as isotonic, hypotonic or hypertonic
Explain the result of plasmolysis on the cell.

2. Brownian motion : random motion of particles down the concentration gradient from high to low concentration until equilibrium

3. Diffusion from high to low conc.

6. A) Passive transport: movement across membrane without an input of energy.
-3 types exist:

7. Diffusion: for small molecules
Ex) O2

8. Osmosis: the diffusion of water.

9. Solution Types
Hypertonic have higher solute concentration than Hypotonic.
Isotonic solutions have the same solute concentration.

10. Osmosis

11. Maintaining water balance across the membrane important.
What has happened to the cell?
Shrinks
Outside solution was?
Hypertonic
Where did the water move?
Outside

12. Plasmolysis : inside the rectangular cell wall.

13. Plasmolysis followed by increased turgor pressure.

14. Facilitated diffusion: uses transport proteins.

15. Ex) Glucose and starch are too big to fit through the membrane
-use Carrier proteins
Ex) Ions have a charge repelled by the phospholipid tails.
-use Channel proteins

16. Glucose entering by facilitated diffusion.

17. Ions entering through channel proteins by facilitated diffusion.

18. B) Active transport: -requires energy
-moves molecules against the concentration gradient
-ex) plants and minerals, toxic substances

19. Identify each process across the membrane.
fac. diff B. diffusion
C. fac. diff D. active transport

20. Some molecules enter by endocytosis and exit by exocytosis.
-uses a vacuole/vesicle

21. The cell membrane pinches off to form a vesicle during endocytosis while the vesicle rejoins with the membrane during exocytosis.

23. Phagocytosis: food brought in, cell eating.
Pinocytosis: fluid brought in, cell drinking.