1. Tsunami Disaster Mitigation System in Japan
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2. Tsunami Disaster Mitigation System in Japan
Bitter Tsunami Experienced
Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System
Outline of Disaster Management System
New Challenges against Tsunamis
Today I would like to speak about a brief outline of Japan’s Disaster Management System as a whole in order to help you understand the following presentations on the detailed tsunami disaster reduction activities in Japan. 1

3. Historical Damaging Tsunamis along Japanese Coast (in last 150 years)
Name (Magnitude)
Year
Dead or Missing
Meiji Earthquake and Tsunami (M8.5)
1896
22,000
Showa Earthquake and Tsunami (M8.1)
1933
3,064
Tonankai Earthquake (M7.9)
1944
1,251
Nankai Earthquake (M8.0)
1946
1,443
Chile Earthquake (Mw9.5)
1960
142
Tokachin Earthquake (M7.9)
1968 52
Nihonkai Earthquake (M7.7)
1983
104
Hokkaido Earthquake (M7.8)
1993
230
1) The number includes dead or missing from earthquakes.
2) Tsunami generated at far off Japanese coast. 8

4. Tsunami Warning System Elements
Communication & Transmission of Tsunami Warning
to Localities & Civil Defense Authorities
Signboard
Tsunami
TSUNAMI
ＷＡＲＮＩＮＧ
Local government
Central Government
TSUNAMI
ＷＡＲＮＩＮＧ
Radio
TSUNAMI
ＷＡＲＮＩＮＧ
ＴＶ/Radio Station
TV（Telops, Warning maps） 13

5. + Promoting Basic Knowledge about “TSUNAMI” Disaster = Early Warning
Safe Evacuation Route
Early Warning =
Understanding of Hazardous Areas
Appropriate Risk Awareness of Local Communities
Safe Evacuation 16

6. Tsunami Evacuation Route Sign 118

7. Pictogram on Tsunami Safe place/hill for evacuation against Tsunami.
Tsunami Hazard Area
Tsunami Evacuation Area
Tsunami Evacuation Building
Safe place/hill for evacuation
against Tsunami.
Building for evacuation
against Tsunami.
There is a high possibility to
be flooded in this area
when earthquake occurs. 21

8. Sign of Previous Tsunami Height (2)
Inundated level of previous Tsunami 23

9. Tsunami Evacuation Map24

10. Tsunami countermeasures taken by local municipalities and communities (1)
Group session on evacuation plan
(Urado-District)
Evacuation drill on Tsunami
(Taro Town) 25

11. Tsunami countermeasures taken by local municipalities and communities (2)
Training for supplying food
(Yawatahama-city, Ehime Pref.)
Check of the dangerous points
(Nansei-Town, Mie Pref.) 26

12. Tsunami countermeasures taken by local municipalities and communities (3)
Drill for disaster management with maps
(Hyga-city, Oita Pref.)
Meeting on the disaster map
(Bungo-Takada-city, Oita Pref.) 27

13. Tsunami Hazard Maps Purpose Identifying and showing vulnerable areas
- Enhancing people’s awareness
・Showing information on disaster risks and evacuation routes, etc.
・Letting residents in coastal areas and visitors know the hazard map through various opportunities
・Tsunami drills
This is an example of tsunami hazard map and such issue will be explained later by our colleagues.
So I would like to stop here. Thank you for your attention.
Tsunami Hazard Map（Susaki City）
National Government prepared a guideline for help local authorities to make and use hazard maps. 28

14. 4. New challenges against Tsunamis
Lastly, I would like to introduce a bit about our new challenges against tsunamis. 47

15. Japan and its major seacoasts
Chishima Trench
Japan Trench
Suruga Trough
200 km
400 km
600 km
800 km
1,000 km
Nankai Trough
Seismic areas for reinforcing and promoting disaster reduction measures related to the Tokai, Tonankai and Nankai Earthquakes
District (undesignated) for promoting seismic disaster reduction measures related to earthquakes along the Japan Trench and the Chishima Trench 48

16. Possible large-scale earthquakes and tsunamis in Japan
Tokyo Inland EQ
Tokai EQ
Tonankai & Nankai EQ
Japan Trench & Chishima Trench EQs
I could say that we have been successful to some extent to reduce damage mainly from meteorological disasters like typhoons.
However, we are not be able to forecast earthquakes and other sudden on-set disasters in most cases so that they could cause severe damage in particular when they hit densely populated areas as we witnessed in the Kobe EQ.
It is also fact that there are wide areas spreading in Japan and off the coast with possible large-scale earthquake sources as shown in this map. 49

17. Tonankai Nankai EQ Tokai EQ Kobe EQ 1995
Estimation of damage caused by possible EQs
(by technical investigation committees of Central Disaster Management Council)
Tonankai
Nankai EQ
Tokai EQ
Kobe EQ
1995
(Maximum cases)
9,200
(7,900
by strong tremors)
18,000
(8,600
by tsunamis)
Victims
(persons)
6,436
Houses destroyed
260,000
360,000
105,000
Taking the above into consideration, Government did estimate possible damage caused by the next Tokai EQ as well as Tonankai & Nankai EQ by technical investigation committees of Central Disaster Management Council.
This table shows the outcomes. As for tsunami, 8,600 persons can be estimated to be killed if Tonankai & Nankai EQ occurs.
Economic loss
(billion yen)
37,000
57,000
10,000 51

18. Earthquake Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy
(formulated by Central Disaster Management Council on 30 March 2005)
Setting an overarching goal
for disaster risk reduction in the next decade
To halve the estimated death toll and economic loss
Tokai EQ
Death toll : 9,200 persons → 4,500
Economic Loss : 37 trillion yen → 19 trillion yen
☆Strategic goal (ex.)
　- Increase the ratio of retrofitted houses : 75% (2003) → 90% (2015)
To this end, we have recently formulated a new policy, Earthquake Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy which was determined by Central Disaster Management Council last March .
Its important feature was to set up an numerical goal for addressing possible mega EQs, namely, to halve the estimated death toll and economic loss in the next ten years. For example, we intend to reduce the possible death toll of estimated 17,800 persons in case of Tonankai & Nankai EQ to 9,100 persons.
In order to accomplish this goal, the Strategy identifies prioritized actions to be taken with specific targets.
Tonankai & Nankai EQ
Death toll : 17,800 (8,600 by tsunamis) → 9,100
Economic Loss : 57 trillion yen → 31 trillion yen
☆Strategic goal (ex.)
　- Every municipality at risk is expected to develop hazard maps in 2015 54

19. Communities – last resort
Need to build communities resilient to disasters, including through enhancing public awareness and developing hazard mapping
How the affected people were rescued in case of Great Hanshin-Awaji EQ?
approx. 35,000 persons
Police, Firefighting, Self-defense Force
23%
77%
Lastly, I would like to put highlight on the importance to build communities resilience to disasters.
This shows that 80 % of rescued persons in case of the Kobe EQ were helped by their families and neighbours, but not by public operations. This implies that the largest power to save lives will be communities’ resilience to disasters although national and local authorities shall reinforce their disaster reduction efforts.
In this regard, the new Strategy seeks in particular community-based efforts in reducing vulnerabilities including through promoting hazard mapping.
Families
Neighbors 55

20. THANK YOU 56