1. Workplace Inspection of Different Industrial Sectors and its Impact on Job Performance of Workers in Alkhartoum and Omdrman
Dafallah Mokhtar Esmail
Adel Zakaria

2. Sudan , is an African country in the Nile Valley of North Africa, bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. It is the third largest country in Africa. The River Nile divides the country into eastern and western halves.[13] Its predominant religion is Islam

4. Workplace inspection is necessary and critical as part of safety and health program.
Inspection include information about; work areas, manual handling, housekeeping, indoor environment, fire safety, first aid , electrical safety, hand tools and PPE.
Inspection regulation enforcement could be used to reduce exposure arising from hazards in work areas and work-related stress and so, to promote job performance of workers.

5. Aim of the Study
To inspect workplace in different industries in Alkhartoum and Omdurman localities , to study work-related stress among exposed workers and find out their impact on job performance of workers

6. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study setting
The workplace inspection was conducted in 49 factories from Khartoum and 116 factories from Omdurman locality, with a total of 165
Study Design
Cross sectional study

7. Workplace inspection:
Data collection methods
Workplace inspection:
A modified pre- determined checklist was used for study and inspection of collected data for each sample factory.
Physical Hazards which were assessed including noise, illumination level and Heat Stress by proper calibrated direct reading instruments

8. Study population
Workers sample :
The sample of the study workers was collected to include 531 workers in Alkhartoum and 475 in Omdurman localities with a total of 1006 workers

9. Structured interview
Each selected worker was subjected to a pre-designed questionnaire to collect information about personal and family histories with special emphasis on socioeconomic& occupational history.
Work stress questionnaire
Work stress was assessed using standard work –related stress questionnaire

10. Job performance appraisal
Two methods were conducted
a. Work record in each factory:
The data were obtained from the annual performance appraisal for each worker according to the last year.
b. Annual Employee Performance Evaluation

11. Statistical analysis
Data was analyzed using (SPSS) version 16. Descriptive statistics as proportion, quartiles, mean, and standard deviation were used. Categorical data were conducted using chi-square test.

12. Results

13. Inspection of study factories

14. Description of inspection by activity
Mean
Activity
52.31
Food Paints
46.43
Paints
44.58
Iron and metal
60.57
Printing
45.00
Tanneries & leather
51.86
Plastic
78.57
Pharmaceutical & perfume
48.21
Cements & derivatives
63.09
Textile & garments
50.14
Oil & soap
Pots & pans household
49.11
Shoe & sponges
52.45
Total
0.036* P

15. Assessment of physical hazards Tanneries & leather (n= 5)
WBGT Heat Stress
Lighting intensity
Noise Level
Activity % U 85 34
72.7 32
45.0 18
Food (n = 44) $ 50 2
100 4
50.0
Paints (n = 4) 93 28
73.3 22
53.3 16
Iron and metal (n= 30
41.7 5 12
Printing (n = 12) 40 80
0.0 -
Tanneries & leather (n= 5) 79 19
25.0 6
Plastic (n = 24)

16. Assessment of physical hazards cont… Pharmaceutical & perfume (n = 7)
WBGT Heat Stress
Lighting intensity
Noise Level
Activity % U
28.6 2
57.1 4
14.3 1
Pharmaceutical & perfume (n = 7) 50
0.0 -
100
Cements & derivatives (n= 2)
33.3
66.7 3
Textile & garments (n = 6) 96 24 64 16 6
Oil & soap (n = 25)
Pots & pans household (n = 2) 75
Shoe & sponges (n = 4)
77.0
124
68.5
113
36.6 59
Total (n = 165) $

17. Work stress among study workers

18. Description of the study sample of workers by stress status

19. Distribution of sample of workers by stress status and demographic characteristics (gender)

20. Distribution of sample of workers by stress status and age

21. Distribution of sample of workers by stress status and marital status

22. Distribution of sample of workers by stress status and socio- economic status

23. Distribution of sample of workers by stress status and hobbies

24. Distribution of sample of workers by stress status and position

25. Distribution of sample of workers by stress status and duration

26. Distribution of sample of workers by stress status and working hours

27. Distribution of study of workers by stress status and activity

28. Distribution of study workers by stress status and inspection score
Total
Stress No
Total inspection score
M/L H
401
285
116
<50%
100
71.1
28.9 %
441
359 82
50% - <75%
81.4
18.6
164
145 10
75% - 100%
93.9
6.1
789
208
79.3
20.7
39.07
Chi-square
0.000* p

29. Work performance among study workers

30. Distribution of sample of workers by work performance according to gender

31. Distribution of sample of workers by work performance according to age

32. Distribution of sample of workers by work performance according to martial status

33. Distribution of sample of workers by work performance according to socio-economic status

34. Distribution of sample of workers by work performance according to hobbies

35. Distribution of sample of workers by work performance according to position

36. Distribution of sample of workers by work performance according to duration

37. Distribution of sample of workers by work performance according to working hours

38. workers by work performance according to activity

39. Distribution of study of workers by performance and localities

40. work performance according to inspection scale

41. Correlation of performance and work stress among the study workers
Overall performance
Items
-.378 rs
Job demands & working condition
.000 P
-.746
Participation and Control
-.284
Interpersonal relation
-.704
Career development & job security

42. Working hours & information
Correlation of performance and work stress among the study workers cont …
-.236 rs
Working hours & information
.000 P
-.565
Role in the company & information
-.276
Income
-.785
Total

43. Conclusion

44. The present study findings indicated that inspection of workplaces in Alkhartoum and Omdurman in Sudan was found to be 42% unsatisfactory
36.6% of the inspected work places were exposed to high noise level, 77% were exposed to heat stress levels higher than recommended levels and 68% did not fulfill the industrial lighting requirements.
These have been reflected on 21%of studied workers who were submitted to high level of stress. This resulted in unacceptable or need improvement performance among 43.6% of studied workers

45. THANK YOU