1. Evaluation of Health and Safety in the Saudi Arabian Construction Industry 2003- 2013

2. Introduction
Over the past 30 years, Saudi Arabia has experienced a significant expansion of its construction and development industry (Mahamid, 2013), which currently employs around 15% of the Kingdom’s entire workforce (Al Haadir & Panuwatwanich, 2011).
The statistical report released by the Saudi Ministry of Planning in 2009 indicates that between 1980 and 2000, the construction industry contributed around 30% to 40% of non-oil production at the end of each implementation year of the National Development Plan (Al‐Kharashi & Skitmore, 2009).
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3. Mohammed Aldhafeeri Source: BMI Infrastructure Key Projects Database

4. Mohammed Aldhafeeri

5. Why it is important Humanitarian issue
2. Workers usually come from the poorest countries, they look after their children and families
3. The Saudi Government has been interested in protecting workers since 1983 (ILO,2013).
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6. Qasim, 9 died.
Najran, 1 died.
Makkah, 1 died, 18 injured
Riyadh, 3 died, 11 injured.
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7. Health and Safety in the Construction industry:
The construction sites are considered as the riskiest workplace, according to the nature of the work (working in the height, installations, electrical tools… etc).
The risk of a death is five times higher in this industry than it is in manufacturing-based businesses, and there is a two and a half times greater risk that employees working on construction projects will suffer a major injury (Davies & Tomasin, 1996).
Workplace safety is a key concern for construction organizations all over the world.
In the USA, in 2013, there were 828 fatal work-related injuries in the construction sector, with an increase of 32 (3%) on the previous year (BLS, 2015).
In the UK, 42 people died as a result of construction-related injuries between 2013 and 2014 and 1,900 people suffered serious injuries in construction accidents in the UK between 2013 and 2015 (HSE, 2014).
In Australia, the death toll associated with construction accidents reached 256 people in 2013 (Hashem, Omar, & Yahya, 2013).
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8. Health and safety in the construction industry in Saudi Arabia:
All data has been gathered from General Organization for Social Insurance (GOSI)
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9. Health and safety in the construction industry in Saudi Arabia:
The comparison with other industries:
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10. Health and safety in the construction industry in Saudi Arabia:
The comparison with other industries:
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11. The cost of accidents in the construction industry assumed that the cost of accidents in the industry is roughly 40% to 50% of the total cost, because the proportion of the construction accidents is based on 40% to 50% of the total accidents in the all industries in Saudi Arabia. .
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12. Kinds of accidents at construction sites
Falling from heights has been considered as the most common accidentin Saudi Arabia Construction industry
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13. Figure 7. Numbers of fatal injuries to employees, in the UK from 1974 to 2014. (HSE, 2014)
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14. Accident rates: Gammon Construction Limited (GCL) compared to Hong Kong Construction Industry (HKCI), (Choudhry et al., 2008).
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15. Theories of Accident Causes: There are many theories:
Heinrich’s domino theory (1930) summarizes it in 5 steps
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16. The Accident Root Causes Tracing Model (ARCTM) by (Abdelhamid & Everett, 2000), This tool is used by construction accident investigators to determine the first cause of a mishap or mistake by asking questions about the workplace.
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17. Distal and Proximal Factor, by (Suraji, A., Duff, A. R., & Peckitt, S. J. (2001). Distal factors are external restrictions, such as limitations in a project design or management, which lead stakeholders to work in an unsafe way. These limitations include elements affecting the social, political and economic environment in which the project is conducted, the firm’s management, and the individuals involved. Meanwhile, proximal factors refer to elements such as unsuitable construction preparations, construction management, construction processes, site environments, and operative actions. These can be recognized as the direct causes of accidents at construction sites.
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18. Factors affecting health and safety
Studies and papers in this field are extremely low. Data is also very poor and difficult to find
(Tam et al, 2004)
China
Poor safety awareness of top management
Lack of training
Poor safety awareness of project managers
(Ismail, Doostdar, & Harun, 2012)
Australia
Management support
Training
Emergency procedures
(Al Haadir & Panuwatwanich, 2011)
Saudi Arabia
Clear and reasonable objective
Personal attitudes
Teamwork
Effective enforcement
Safety training
Suitable supervision
(Abdul Rashid, Bassioni, & Bawazeer, 2007)
Egypt
Top management
Safety awareness of managers
Safety inspections
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19. Al-Haadir et al. (2013) have their own construction safety theory
Al-Haadir et al. (2013) have their own construction safety theory. They argue that a safety climate (SC) facilitates the link between safety motivation (SM) and safety behaviour (SB) in Saudi construction employees.
Safety Motivation
Safety Climate
Safety Behaviour
Safety Outcomes
The final model of construction safety, adopted from (Al-Haadir et al., 2013).
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20. One of the study’s objective is to examine the understanding, practice and awareness of health and safety issues at construction sites in Saudi Arabia by using semi-structured interviews.
8 participants have been interviewed and they all have different disciplines, experience and areas of work.
No.
Point Discussed
Description
Level 1
Overall background
Understanding related aspects in health and safety
Medium 2
Construction sites’ nature
Awareness of risky sites, high rate of accidents
Low 3
Workers’ rights
Duties and responsibilities 4
Quality
The relationship between quality and health and safety
Very Low 5
Productivity
The relationship between productivity and health and safety
Very low 6
Following safety procedure
Awareness of safety procedure and programme in the construction sites, following procedures 7
Emergency plan
Knowing the emergency plan for fire or evacuation 8
Accident chance
Awareness of the high rate of accident in the construction sites 9
Health and safety tools
Understanding the essential safety tools 10
Practicing
Using the most appropriate safety tools 11
Accident record
If they’ve had an accident during the last ten years 12
Teamwork
Awareness of the importance of caution, reporting anything that may cause an accident to other staff in construction sites
Very High 13
Education
If they have a high school diploma 14
Training
Training in health and safety aspects, including induction training
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21. Summary Health and Safety in the construction is extremally poor
More than 390,000 accidents
Accident rate, 35 per 1000 workers
Injuries cost about US 461 million, (Assumed).
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22. Recommendation: Mohammed Aldhafeeri Total Quality Management
Top management
Safety climate
Training
Lean approaches (5S, Visual Management)
Regulation
Teamwork and leadership
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23. THANK YOU
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24. Personal Details
Phone No ;
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