2. Þorskastríðin
The Cod Wars

4. Salient Characteristics of the Cod Wars
Asymmetric War – large vs. small state
NATO Alliance Partners – Iceland vs. UK
Most major international bodies involved
Resource War – heart of Iceland’s economy
Significant changes to Law of the Sea

5. The ‘Saga’ of Iceland
Geography
History
Fish
Independence

6. Eyjafjalljökull

7. 7

8. Alþing Assembly at Þingvellir

9. Ravages of nature

10. The “Blessed War”

11. Iceland’s Fishing grounds

12. Cod Fishing areas

13. Icelandic fisherman ca. 1925

14. ‘Processing’ a fish catch (1900s-1980s)

15. Iceland’s “military” Unarmed Cost Guard ships

16. Iceland’s Independence Þingvellir, June 17, 1944

17. Iceland Joins NATO, 1949

18. Iceland’s Political Divide
Sjalfstæðisflokkurinn
Independence Party – pro-West
Alþyðabandulagið
Peoples´Alliance - pro-Moscow

19. The United Kingdom “Their Finest Hour”

20. Rationing in UK Until 1951

21. Grimsby and Hull, England

22. The Emergence of Newly Independent States after World War II
The Struggle Begins
The Emergence of Newly Independent States
after World War II

23. Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries Case – ICJ 1951

24. UK and France back Israel in Suez Crisis, 1956

25. UK Rebuffed by US at the UN

26. Iceland’s Strategic Location in NATO Defense Plans

27. British trawler in waters off Iceland

28. First Cod War 1958-61 Trawler Coventry City and ICGV Albert

29. Second Cod War 1972-73 ramming

30. Second Cod War 1972-73 Iceland’s Trawl-wire cutters

31. UNCLOS III Caracas, 1974

32. Guðmundar H. Kjærnested skipherra Hero of the Cod Wars

33. Third Cod War 1975-76 Icelandic Coast Guard vs. Royal Navy

34. Third Cod War HMS Leander closing in on ICGV Þór January 1976

35. UNCLOS III, 1976

36. Public Relations Helgi Águstsson in 3rd Cod War
Preferred ‘expert’ in BBC coverage
Debates MP from Grimsby on radio
‘Carte blanche’ to answer media inquiries

37. The Outcome of the Three Cod Wars Expansion of Iceland’s Fishing Rights 4 NM to 12 NM to 50 NM to 200 NM

38. Norway Fisheries Today

40. International
Maritime
Boundaries
Today

41. Guðni Th. Johannesson’s Taxonomy
Pressure
Prestige
Principle
Precedents
Power

42. UK Iceland pressure Major market for Iceland´s fish
Strategic position in NATO
prestige
Britannia Rules the Waves
underdog
principle
Freedom of the seas
Sovereignty
precedents
Agreements with Danish kings
ICJ ruling in 1951
power
UN Security Council
´special relationship´
World opinion

43. Cod Wars: the Board Game

44. “And this, just in…”