1. SEAPs / SECAPs Methodology
Cleaner Energy Saving Mediterranean Cities
A project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium
This project is funded
by the European Union
SEAPs / SECAPs Methodology
Dr. Alexandra Papadopoulou
CES MED Energy Expert
7th Steering Committee
Agadir, Morocco,
21st of February 2017

2. State and Prospects of Affiliation to CoM
Outline
State and Prospects of Affiliation to CoM
Adapting to new Requirements: From SEAPs to SECAPs
Deciding on Targets and Methodology for SECAPs
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3. State and Prospects of Affiliation to CoM [1/2]
Status before CES MED start (January 2013): Sale Municipality adhesion and SEAP submission
Status following CES MED start (directly affiliated):
18 municipalities have prepared SEAPs
16 municipalities have joined the CoM
5 municipalities are preparing SECAPs
15 municipalities have had their SEAPs submitted and another 2 are in the approval phase
So far, 11 SEAPs have been approved by JRC and another 4 are under evaluation
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4. State and Prospects of Affiliation to CoM [2/2]
Overall CES MED Achievements
47 municipalities (36 signatories) have adhered to the CoM in addition to Sale
22 SEAPs developed (18 SEAPs submitted so far, 2 are to be submitted, 2 pending approval) besides Sale
South signatories’ SEAP submission status in the CoM (official & unofficial review)
Source: CES MED data
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5. Adapting to new Requirements: From SEAPs to SECAPs [1/9]
The new requirements for the municipalities adhering now to the Covenant of Mayors are shortly:
Setting up of a target for 2030 and not 2020.
Higher reduction target undertaken (for EU municipalities 40% against the old 20%).  
A Climate Adaptation Chapter / Study has to be elaborated, besides the Baseline Emission Inventory (BEI) and the Mitigation Actions.
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6. Adapting to new Requirements: From SEAPs to SECAPs [2/9]
CES MED has developed a set of Internal Guidelines on how to develop the Climate Adaptation Chapter, that has been already distributed to the Consultants working for SECAPs (Egypt & Jordan)
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7. Adapting to new Requirements: From SEAPs to SECAPs [3/9]
Climate Adaptation Study suggested structure:
Section A: Current status analysis. Includes info on the national and regional strategy on Climate Change Adaptation, any available climate data and projections, as well as the adaptation scoreboard.
Section B: Risk assessment and vulnerability analysis. Detailed analysis of the risks that the municipality encounters from a series of climate hazard types, as well as an assessment of the municipality’s vulnerability against these threats.  
Section C: Adaptation actions.
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8. Adaptation Cycle Steps
Adapting to new Requirements: From SEAPs to SECAPs [4/9]
Section A: Current Status Analysis
Includes the elaboration of the adaptation scoreboard, where each municipality scores itself (from A to D)
Adaptation Cycle Steps
Actions
Step 1: Preparing the ground for Adaptation
Adaptation commitments defined/integrated into the local climate policy
Human, technical and financial resources identified
Adaptation team (officer) appointed within the municipal administration and clear responsibilities assigned
Horizontal (e.g. across departments) coordination mechanisms in place
Vertical (e.g. across governance levels) coordination mechanisms in place
Consultative and participatory mechanisms set up, fostering the multi stakeholder engagement in the adaptation process
Continuous communication process in place
Step 2: Assessing risks and vulnerabilities to climate change
Mapping of the possible methods and data sources for carrying out a Risk &Vulnerability Assessment conducted
Assessment of climate risks and vulnerabilities undertaken
Possible sectors of actions identified and prioritized
Available knowledge periodically reviewed and new finding integrated
Steps 3 and 4 – Identifying, assessing and selecting adaptation options
Full portfolio of adaptation actions compiled, documented and assessed
Possibilities of mainstreaming adaptation in existing policies and plans assessed, possible synergies and conflicts identified
Adaptation actions developed and adopted
Step 5: Implementing
Implementation framework set with clear milestones
Adaptation actions implemented and mainstreamed as defined in the SECAP document
Coordinated action between adaptation and mitigation set
Step 6: Monitoring and evaluation
Monitoring framework in place for adaptation actions
Appropriate monitoring and evaluation indicators identified
Regular monitoring of the progress and reporting to the relevant decision makers
Adaptation strategy and/or Action Plan updated, revised and readjusted according to the findings of the monitoring and evaluation procedure
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9. Adapting to new Requirements: From SEAPs to SECAPs [5/9]
Section B: Risk Assessment and Vulnerability Analysis
Step 1: Identification of climate hazard types, such as Extreme heat, Storms, Droughts, Sea level rise and Floods, across a series of vulnerable / impacted sectors, such as:
Health
Infrastructure (Energy, Water, Transport, Social)
Built environment
Economy (Tourism, Agriculture and Forestry)
Biodiversity (Coastal areas, Green zones/ forests)
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10. Adapting to new Requirements: From SEAPs to SECAPs [6/9]
Section B: Risk Assessment and Vulnerability Analysis
Step 2: Conducting the vulnerability analysis, emphasizing on the potential effects and who gets affected. Analysis is conducted per sector, for all climate hazards.
Receptors
Extreme weather event
Potential effects
Who/What is affected
Population
Public Health
Extreme heat
Deaths due to cardiovascular diseases
Spread of vector born and infectious diseases
Altered allergic pattern
Heat stress
Everyone, but especially elderly people, babies, children, workers in outdoor environments and sensitive groups of people
Droughts
Asthma and cardiovascular diseases
Accumulation of trace elements
All people living or working in the area
Sea level rise
Asthma and respiratory allergies
Water-borne diseases
Forced migration and mental health impacts
All people living or working mainly in the coastal area
Storms
Casualties and deaths
Floods
Injuries and deaths
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11. Adapting to new Requirements: From SEAPs to SECAPs [7/9]
Section B: Risk Assessment and Vulnerability Analysis
Step 3: Conducting the risk assessment analysis, emphasizing on the future risks and the level of impact. Analysis is conducted per sector, for all climate hazards.
Receptors
Weather Sensitivity
Future Risk
Impact
Population
Public Health
Extreme heat
Increased number of deaths
Reinforcement of heat stress
Increased infectious diseases
Altered allergic patterns
High
Droughts
Increased allergic incidents
Decreased air quality
More respiratory problems
Sea level rise
Increased incidents of asthma and pneumonia
Increased water-borne diseases
Limitations to the healthcare access
Storms
Increased numbers of injuries and deaths
Floods
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12. Adapting to new Requirements: From SEAPs to SECAPs [8/9]
Section C: Adaptation actions
Adaptation actions are analysed for the sectors studied. They can be further categorized in 4 groups:
Strategic actions. Actions regarding the formulation of action plans, or strategic policy planning documents, that set the basis for all the actions to come in the specific sector.
Alert /Communication actions. These are focusing on alerting the citizens on a situation, such as an extreme climate event or hazard (high temperatures, floods, tsunamis etc.).
Educational actions. The focus in this case is given on increasing the awareness raising level of the citizens on a specific threat or situation that the municipality is faced and requires the citizens’ collaboration in one way or another.
Technical actions. Activities that are directly addressing in a technical the specific climate hazard.
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13. Adapting to new Requirements: From SEAPs to SECAPs [9/9]
Section C: Adaptation actions - Indicative example for public health
Actions’ characteristic
Adaptation Actions
Strategic
Health action plan for the extreme events that the municipality is facing e.g. heat etc. (heat health action plan)
Provide access to air conditioned public buildings during heat waves or other extreme events, for those citizens that lack the infrastructure to protect themselves (people living in underground apartments during floods, or lacking AC during extreme temperatures etc.)
Collaboration with the regional medical services to increase preparedness level
Alert / Communication
Developing an early warning system to alert citizens in the case of extreme weather events or natural disasters such as heat waves, forest fires, floods, tsunami etc.
Educational
Educational and awareness raising campaigns about health-related effects of heat waves, floods, vector born diseases etc., and educate residents on the ways to protect their health and prevent infection or impact.
Technical
Regular cleaning and maintenance of the sewage and drainage system
Identification of potential hot spots for the development of vector borne diseases
Frequent monitoring of water and air quality
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14. Deciding on Targets and Methodology for SECAPs [1/3]
According to CES MED helpdesk data, currently approximately 131 municipalities have expressed their interest to join the CoM initiative. However, in order to do so, one of the most important barriers faced is the CO2 reduction target to be undertaken, as 40% till 2030 seems unrealistic. The possibility of adopting INDCs should be considered for the transition period.
Also, the motivation provided at the national level, e.g. through additional points assigned to municipalities with policy plans when considering funding, or making this policy planning preparation (CoM is optional) mandatory, at least for municipalities of a certain size, could be decisive.
The methodology for the SECAP development, especially the BEI, could be replicated based on existing work. Facilitation actions on behalf of CES MED are being prepared on this aspect.
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15. Deciding on Targets and Methodology for SECAPs [2/3]
INDC commitments towards CoM MED
Country
INDC target
INDC finance tracker
Algeria
Unconditional 7% reduction by 2030, compared to BAU.
Conditional max 22% reduction by 2030, compared to BAU.
International: N/A
National: N/A
Egypt
Achieve "high CO2 mitigation levels“, including phasing out energy subsidies within 3-5 years and, potentially, a national carbon market. Also aims to use renewable and nuclear power sources.
International: billion $,
Israel
Unconditional 26% reduction per capita by 2030, against 2005 levels and an interim target for 2025.
Jordan
Unconditional 1.5% reduction by 2030, compared to BAU.
Conditional max 14% reduction by 2030, compared to BAU.
International: billion $
National: billion $
by 2030
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16. Deciding on Targets and Methodology for SECAPs [3/3]
INDC commitments towards CoM MED
Country
INDC target
INDC Finance tracker
Lebanon
Unconditional 15% reduction by 2030, compared to BAU.
Conditional max. 30% reduction by 2030, compared to BAU.
Aims for 15% RES penetration in 2030, or 20% with international support.
International: N/A
National: N/A
Morocco
Unconditional 13% reduction by 2030, compared to BAU.
Conditional max. 32% reduction by 2030, compared to BAU.
International: 35 billion $
National: 10 billion $
by 2030
Palestine -
Tunisia
 Unconditional 13% reduction by 2030, compared to 2010 levels.
Conditional 46% reduction by 2030 compared to 2010 for the energy sector, and 41% reduction overall.
International: 18.2 billion $
National: 1.8 billion $
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17. Discussion
How should we proceed in the transition period for the South Municipalities?
What additional motivation could be offered at the national level to the municipalities?
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