1. Gender, Land & Irrigation among the Waluguru
Uluguru Mountains Tanzania
Barbara van Koppen
Katrien van Krieken
Helena Mkoba
Andrew Tarimo

2. Content Introduction Findings 1: Land Tenure
Findings 2: Gender and Irrigation
Other interesting findings
Conclusion
Introduction to the topic and case - so other way around.

3. Rationale: matrilineal land tenure and irrigation
Relationship gendered land security investments and productivity:
the case of private investment irrigation
Matrilineal land tenure is wide-spread in sub-Sahara Africa
Policy implications?
I realize irrigation needs to be better highlighted here. Let me think.
half of Zambia, half of Malawi, northern Mozambique and the coastal belt of Tanzania up to the Uluguru mountains are matrilineal

4. Research questions
What is the land tenure security for women and what is the land tenure security for men?
How does gendered land tenure and other factors influence own investments in irrigation and operation and maintenance by both women and men?
What are the policy implications?
Can go before the case selection - perhaps skip slide 3 then.

5. Site selection: Nyandira & Tchenzema Uluguru Mountains
Matrilineal land tenure
Highly productive, vegetables, fruits and maize sold up to Dar
Terraces, farmer managed irrigation systems
Add: site selection. Add more on the market to Dar etc – e.g. picture of taxis and market

6. Plots and irrigation, Tchenzema
Here I will explain small plots, many different once

7. Methodology Site selection 5 traditional canals
Plot holders and household interviews.
Total 152 plots.

8. FINDINGS1: Matrilineal Land tenure
Ukoo land or Individual
Average plot size: ¼ - 2 acre.
Plots per household: 4-10
N = 152
Inheritance 74%:
Purchasing of land 22%
Renting %
A bit more first on the methodology here (also because this presentation is under that theme). So: 5 canals (with your GORGEOUS drawing of those). Plot holders and household interviews. Total 152 plots. Then: start clearly with ‘findings’. You could put slide 8 earlier when describing the selected site. The overall data in 7 and slide 9 should follow each other.

9. Overview ownership plots n=152
Inherited total 113 – 87, 23
Bought 37
Rent 2

10. Joint ownership but…. Men are owner, women or children ‘witness’
I, Saveliani T. Salehe, sell my plot to Esteli Msonga. It costs 165,000 shilling, give all, in one go.
Wachini seller: FestaWiliamu
Wachini buyer: Telesia B. Mkwidu
In front of the witnesses:
Witness of seller: GodfleiWiliamu
Witness of buyer: Costa B. Chunguke
Signatures seller:
Signature buyer:
Written by Saveliani T. Salehe

11. Findings 2: Gender and irrigation land tenure and other factors
Leadership: mainly men
Initiation of the canal
Initiation of cleaning and maintenance
Irrigation: both but… slight preference for men because
Domestic chores
Night irrigation
Being mkorofi
Labour of cleaning: both men and women

12. It is not only land tenure that determines gendered irrigation – on the contrary…. So title e.g., gender and irrigation: land tenure and other factors. Also, instead of ‘short term’ you could say: sufficient tenure security; ‘apparently, land tenure is sufficiently secure for men not to be discouraged to invest. Or so. And add?: men dominate public spaces for collective activities. Also: ‘initiation mainly by men’ (to have it less absolute).

13. But also…. 2/3 of secondary students are girls because…
Less local job opportunities than men
Man needs to search for money
Family willing to send daughter to school, for future return
Instead of ‘no job opportunity’ (why ‘alternative’?) – perhaps ‘less local job opportunities than young men’

14. Conclusions
Matrilineal land tenure gives both men and women land security
Slight bias towards men in irrigation
Policy implications:
Consider Ukoo land
Registration of land male&female
Gender equitable opportunities in leadership
Timetable can give more equity

15. Thank you

16. Matrilineal societies Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania
Source: V. Akamandisa&B. van Koppen
Source: W. Mulwafu, IWMI