1. Introduction to The Animal Kingdom

3. What is an Animal?
Animals are heterotrophic, eukaryotic and multicellular organisms whose cells lack cell walls
95% invertebrates (do not have a backbone)
5% vertebrates (have a backbone)
7 Essential functions of animals

5. 1. Feeding Herbivore = eats plants Carnivore = eats animals
Omnivore = eats plants and animals
Detritivore = feed on decaying organic material
Filter Feeders = aquatic animals that strain food from water
Parasite = lives in or on another organism

7. 2. Respiration Take in O2 and give off CO2 Different Methods: Lungs
Gills
Through skin
Simple diffusion

9. 3. Circulation
Very small animals use diffusion to get nutrients and oxygen to cells
Larger animals have circulatory systems

11. 4. Excretion Primary waste product is ammonia
Kidney is the main organ for liquid waste excretion

13. 5 Response Receptor cells: Nerve cells => nervous system Sound
Light
External stimuli
Nerve cells => nervous system

15. 6. Movement Most animals are motile (can move)
Muscles usually work with a skeleton

17. 7. Reproduction Most reproduce sexually
Genetic diversity
Many invertebrates can also reproduce asexually
Increase their numbers rapidly

18. http://www. sritweets. com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/dog-and-puppies

19. Trends in Animal Evolution
Body Symmetry -the body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged
Asymmetry - no pattern (corals, sponges)
Radial Symmetry - shaped like a wheel (starfish, hydra, jellyfish)
Bilateral Symmetry - has a right and left side (humans, insects, cats, etc)

20. Jellyfish Video

21. Cephalization - anterior concentration of sense organs, basically the organism has a head, usually with eyes, nose and other sense organs, plus a brain

22. Body Sides Anterior – Towards head Posterior – Towards Tails
Dorsal – Back side
Ventral – Front side

24. Segmentation - segments of the body become specialized for specific purposes

25. Early Development Zygote - fertilized egg
Blastula - a hollow ball of cells
Blastopore - the blastula folds in creating an opening
Protostome – where mouth is formed from blastopore
Deuterosome – where anus if formed from blastopore
Anus - opening for solid waste removal from digestive tract

26. http://www. mun. ca/biology/scarr/141993_Protostome_vs_Deuterostome

27. The cells of most animals differentiate into three distinct germ layers
Endoderm - (innermost) develops into the lining of the digestive tract and respiratory tract
Mesoderm - (middle) muscle, circulatory, reproductive, and excretory systems
Ectoderm - (outermost) sense organs, nerves, outer layer of skin

29. 9 Animal Phyla

30. 1. Phylum Porifera (sponges)

31. 2. Phylum Cnidaria (sea anemones, jellyfish, coral, hydra)

32. 3. Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

33. 4. Phylum Nematoda (roundworms)

34. 5. Phylum Annelida (segmented worms, earthworms, leeches)

35. 6. Phylum Mollusca (clam, squid, snails, slugs)

36. 7. Phylum Arthropoda (crustaceans, insects, spiders)

37. 8. Phylum Echinodermata (starfish)

38. 9. Phylum Chordata (includes all vertebrates)

39. Round Worms Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Nematoda
Contain unsegmented worms

40. Ascaris 

41. Insides Pseudocoelom (“false coelom”)
Coelom-(sea-lum) Fluid filled cavity made from the mesoderm
Body cavity contains organs
Digestive tract with two openings (mouth and anus)

42. Round worm anatomy

43. Feeding They are predators when they are free living
Parasites to humans and animals as well

45. Reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Separate sexes (male and female)

47. Roundworms and disease

48. Trichinosis (trichinella worm)
Cysts within the muscles are consumed (undercooked food)
Worm then grows in the intestine
Forms cysts within the muscles of the new host
Causes terrible pain in muscles

50. Filarial Worms - found in Tropical regions of Asia
Usually transmitted by mosquitoes
Causes elephantiasis

52. Ascarid Worms (common roundworm)
Lives in the intestine
Eggs are passed out in the feces

53. Ascarid worms

54. Hookworms Burrow into the skin from soil Mature in the intestines
Hooks used to attach and suck blood

55. http://scienceblogs. com/zooillogix/wp-content/blogs

56. C.elegans First organism to have DNA completely sequenced
Very simple, free living round worm