1. Sustainable Development Goal 2: What is Africa doing about it?
Presented during the 2016 Development Research Day at Lund University, Sweden, November 10, 2016
Joseph Karugia
Coordinator, ReSAKSS-ECA

2. Outline SDG 2 and Targets Key African Union Frameworks
Status of Indicators Relevant for SDG 2 in Africa
Concluding Remarks
Key Reference: 2015 Annual Trends and Outlook at

3. SDG 2
End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture
Is the foundation for human development
Impacts economies, health, education, equality, social development; indeed many of the SDGs

4. SDG 2
2.1
By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people to safe, nutritious and sufficient food
2.2
By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, internationally agreed targets
2.3
By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers and implement resilient agricultural practices
2.4
By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production
2.5
By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species
2.a:
Increase investment,
2.b:
Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets
2.c:
Adopt measures to limit extreme food price volatility

5. African Policy Environment for SDG 2
AU policy environment is an important part of the enabling environment for SDG 2
Policy direction and instruments are agreed at heads of state and government level
Useful rallying points for advocacy and action at regional and national levels

6. AU Policy Environment for SDG 2
Several statements, decisions and declarations that commit African leaders to realizing the continents aspirations embodied in SDG2
Range of hunger, food security, nutrition and agriculture policies and frameworks at continental, regional and national levels

7. Broad Frameworks and Strategies
African Union Agenda 2063 (2015)
prioritizes healthy and well-nourished African citizens as an overarching goal for realizing a “prosperous Africa that is based on inclusive growth and sustainable development”
Common Africa Position on the Post-2015 Development Agenda (2014)
SDGs developed and implemented in a manner that adequately supports Africa’s development
African Regional Nutrition Strategy ( )

8. Broad Frameworks and Strategies
Three Malabo Declarations (2014)
Declaration on Nutrition Security through Inclusive Economic Growth and Sustainable Development in Africa
Declaration on Ending Preventable Child and Maternal Deaths in Africa
Declaration on Accelerated Agricultural Growth and Transformation for Shared Prosperity and Improved Livelihoods

9. CAADP - Key Framework for SDG 2
Malabo Declarations on Accelerated Agricultural Growth and Transformation for Shared Prosperity and Improved Livelihoods – Sustaining CAADP Momentum
Post-Malabo Implementation Strategy and Roadmap (2014)
Building on achievements of Maputo Declaration (2003) – initiation of CAADP

10. CAADP - Key Framework for SDG 2
CAADP is the overarching policy framework for attaining food and nutrition security and sustainable development through agriculture-led development at the national and regional levels
Initial focus was on productivity (6% growth in AgGDP) through increased funding to agriculture (10% on national budgets): food security added later and current emphasis is on making agriculture nutrition-sensitive

11. Status of Key Indicators Relevant for SDG 2 in Africa

12. Hunger and Malnutrition in Africa
Scale is high
233 million are hungry
58 million children younger than five are stunted
13.9 million children younger than five are are wasted
10.3 million children younger than five are overweight
163.6 million children and women of reproductive age are anemic
220 million people are estimated to be calorie deficient
8 percent of adults older than 20 are obese

13. Prevalence of Undernourishment (% of population - annual average levels)
Region
(1995–2003)
2003
(2003–2008)
(2008–2015)
2015
Africa
24.3
22.2
20.3
17. 2
16.3
Central 37
31.4
29.1
23.9
22.6
Eastern
44.3
40.1
36.9
29.4
Northern
6.2
5.9
5.6
5.1 5
Southern
28.4
26.2
24.8
21.1
19.6
Western
16.1
14.3
12.3
9.7
9.2

14. Prevalence of Underweight, Weight for Age (% of children under 5 - annual average levels)
Region
(1995–2003)
2003
(2003–2008)
(2008–2015)
2015
Africa
24.7
23.4
22.5 20
18.5
Central 28
26.6 26
23.7
22.9
Eastern
29.8
27.4
26.2 23
21.4
Northern
8.6
8.2
6.9
5.6
5.2
Southern 17
15.6
12.3
10.8
Western
27.9
26.7
24.2
22.1

15. Prevalence of Stunting, Height for Age (% of children under 5 - annual average levels)
Region
(1995–2003)
2003
(2003–2008)
(2008–2015)
2015
Africa
41.9
40.2
39.2
35.6
33.7
Central
44.9 44
43.4
41.7 41
Eastern
48.3
45.4
43.8
39.5
37. 3
Northern
25.5
23.1
22.3
19.7
18.2
Southern
43.2
40.7
38.6
33.2
30.4
Western
40.4
39.6
39.3
36.1
34.6

16. Prevalence of Wasting, Weight for Height (% of children under 5 - annual average levels)
Region
(1995–2003)
2003
(2003–2008)
(2008–2015)
2015
Africa
10.8
10.2
10.1
9.3
8.6
Central
12.4
11. 5
11. 3
9.5
Eastern
10.7 10
8.8
Northern
5.9
6.4
6.3
6.9
7. 5
Southern
6.5
6.2
5.8
5.7
Western
14.2
12.9
12.7
11.6
9.8

17. Number of African Countries at Various Stages of Progress against Global Targets on Nutrition

18. Real Import Dependency Ratio (% - annual average levels)
Region
(1995–2003)
2003
(2003–2008)
(2008–2010)
2010
Africa
23.2
25.8
26.6
27. 3
27.4
Central
24.1
30.1
32.3
30.5
31.1
Eastern
14.5
16.4
17. 3
19.8
20.1
Northern
48.4
44.9
46.8
50.8
50.7
Southern
18.3
25.1
26.3
22.9
20.5
Western
17. 8
21.7 22
23.3

19. Growth of Agriculture Value Added (% - annual average levels)
Region
(1995–2003)
(2003–2008)
(2008–2015)
Africa
4.79
4.67
3.35
Central
-4.05
14.37
5.21
Eastern
3.60
2.01
4.14
Northern
2.60
-1.31
6.39
Southern
1.31
4.78
2.33
Western
8.28
6.18
2.51

20. Yield, Maize (tonnes per hectare - annual average levels)
Region
(1995–2003)
2003
(2003–2008)
(2008–2015)
2015
Africa
1.7 2
2.1
Central
1.1
1.2
Eastern
1.6
1.5
1.9
Northern
5.5
6.1
6.3
6.5
Southern
2.2
2.4
Western
1.4

21. Land Productivity (agriculture value-added per hectare of arable land, constant 2010 US$ - annual average levels)
Region
(1995–2003)
2003
(2003–2008)
(2008–2015)
2015
Africa
164
189
206
271
304
Central
128
112
134
177
199
Eastern
138
142
153
227
275
Northern
346
384
392
482
528
Southern 61 65 69 88
101
Western
256
347
387
493
532

22. Share of Agriculture Expenditure in Total Public Expenditure (% - annual average levels)
Region
(1995–2003)
2003
(2003–2008)
(2008–2014)
2014
Africa
3.2
3.6
3.5 3
2.6
Central 2
2.3
Eastern
5.7 6
6.1
3.3
Northern
4.6
3.9
2.9
Southern
1.6
2.2
2.5
1.9
Western
3.4
3.8
4.1
5.3

23. Concluding Remarks (1)
Scale of hunger, malnutrition, and food insecurity quite high in Africa
Indicators show improvements
BUT progress is slow; varies by indicator, region and country
More efforts needed by African countries and their development partners – to meet SDG 2 targets
Concrete actions and commitment to results; mutual accountability by all parties involved

24. Concluding Remarks (2)
37 out of 54 African countries are involved in the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Movement
42 out of 54 AU member states have signed CAADP compacts
30 have developed related national agriculture and food security investment plans
Commitment to evidence-based decision making; M&E, comprehensive Joint Sector Reviews; Biennial Peer Review Mechanism

25. THANK YOU

26. SDG 2
2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round
2.2 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons
2.3 By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment

27. SDG 2
2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality
2.5 By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed

28. SDG 2
2.a: Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries
2.b: Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets, including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round
2.c: Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility