1. Pasi Erkkilä and Akseli Koskela
Liver Steatosis
Pasi Erkkilä and Akseli Koskela

2. Fatty Liver
Caused by accumulated lipids, mainly triacylglycerol in liver
Term used when more than 5% of volume of liver tissue is fat
There is two types of intracellular lipid accumulations
Microvesicular steatosis
Small liposomes in the cytoplasm around the nucleus
Macrovesicular steatosis
Fat vacuoles grows so large that they push nucleus out of it place
In normal state liver carries out major lipid metabolism functions, but in fatty liver following mechanism are disturbed
Beta-oxidation of fatty acid in mitochondria is decreased
Fatty acid synthesis in liver or delivery of fatty acid to liver is increased
Transformation of triglycerides to VLDL and its export is deficient

4. Symptoms you may have are:
In most cases fatty liver is symptomless, but over time it may lead to many types of liver diseases, such as cirrhosis, hepatocarcinoma and even liver failure
Symptoms you may have are:
Feeling tired
Loss of weight or appetite
Nausea
Weakness
Confusion, poor judgment or trouble of concentrate
You may have also other symptoms like over grown liver, abdominal pain and some skin color changes
There is no medical cure for disease but you can prevent or cure your condition by healthy nutrition and physical exercise
Treatment of diabetes and alcoholism is critical for the treatment of fatty liver disease

6. Fatty Liver is most common liver disease
Usually more common in middle-aged persons who have overweight and high cholesterol
Fatty Liver is most common liver disease
Every 4th adult have it in some point of their lives
10-20% of normal weight persons and if obese, especially abdominal obese % have it
There are two main types of fatty liver disease: Nonalcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver disease

7. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
The most common liver disorder worldwide
Main cause is central obesity and Type-2 diabetes
Other reasons includes: Malnutrition, Medication, Viral hepatitis, fast weight loss and hereditary reasons
Divided in two categories according to their type of formation
Type 1, is formed when fatty acids are mobilized from adipose tissue
Type 2, is formed when the production of lipoproteins is blocked and triacylglycerol accumulates (in liver)
In chronic state may lead to Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
NASH state liver has inflammation and scarring in addition to fat accumulation
NASH can progress intohepatocarcinoma, liver failure and/or cirrhosis

9. Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD)
Caused by alcoholism, may occur even after short period of heavy drinking
Develops if person consumes more than 60 g of alcohol per day.
Eventually leads to cirrhosis (scarring of liver)
Accumulation is caused by two factors
Impaired fatty acid oxidation
Increased lipogenesis
Alcohol oxidation leads to excess amount of NADH -> free fatty acids form fats
Other risk factors are:
Obesity
High iron concentration
Hepatitis C
Heredity factors ( risk of alcoholism and how body breaks down the alcohol)

10. Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy
Fats accumulate in mothers liver, can be a risk for mother and baby because may lead kidney or liver failure to either one
May cause serious infection or bleeding
Cause uncertain, hormones may play a key role of this
Fortunately rare cases

11. Preferences Harper´s illustrated biochemistry 30th edition
akusana=rasvamaksa