1. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.

2. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
But one gram of silver transfers 11.8 J of energy under the same conditions.
The difference depends on the metals' differing capacities for absorbing this energy.
A quantity called specific heat can be used to compare heat absorption capacities for different materials.

3. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
But one gram of silver transfers 11.8 J of energy under the same conditions.
The difference depends on the metals' differing capacities for absorbing this energy.
A quantity called specific heat can be used to compare heat absorption capacities for different materials.

4. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
Specific heat is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one Celsius degree (1 °C) or one kelvin (1 K) (because the sizes of the degree divisions on both scales are equal).
Values of specific heat can be given in units of joules per gram per Celsius degree, J / (g • °C), joules per gram per kelvin, J / (g • K), or calories per gram per Celsius degree, cal / (g • °C).

5. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
Notice the extremely high specific heat of water, one of the highest of most common substances.
This is why water plays such a crucial role in regulating temperature.

6. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
What is the relationship between specific heat and the state of matter?

7. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
What is the relationship between specific heat and the state of matter?
The specific heat is higher in liquid than gases of the same substance. It takes more energy to change the temperature.

8. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
What other patterns can you find between specific heat and other properties of the substances shown in the table.

9. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
Specific heat is measured under constant pressure conditions, so its symbol, cp, has a subscripted p as a reminder. In the equation, cp is the specific heat at a given pressure, q is the energy lost or gained, m is the mass of the sample, and ∆T represents the change in temperature.

10. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
This equation can be rearranged to give an equation that can be used to find the quantity of energy gained or lost with a change in temperature.

11. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
The defining equation for specific heat can also be solved for mass (m), for temperature change (∆T), or for initial or final temperature (Ti or Tf) in a reaction.

12. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
Rewrite the equation for energy at the left so that the specific heat of a substance can be calculated from the other three quantities.

13. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
Rewrite the equation for energy at the left so that the specific heat of a substance can be calculated from the other three quantities.

14. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
Don’t mistake that a temperature change, ∆T, expressed in kelvins is 273 units larger than the same change expressed in degrees Celsius.
The temperature increment of one kelvin is the same size change as a temperature increment of one °C, so ∆T is the same number whether expressed in °C or in K.

15. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
For instance, the change from 20 °C to 60 °C is
∆T = 60 °C – 20 °C = +40 °C;
converting each temperature to kelvins, the change is from 293 K to 333 K, or
∆T = 333 K K = +40 K.
Specific heats are often tabulated in J / (g • °C), but can be written in J / (g • K).

16. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
A 4.0-g sample of glass was heated from 274 K to 314 K, a temperature increase of 40. K, and was found to have absorbed 32 J of energy as heat.
What is the specific heat of this type of glass?

17. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
A 4.0-g sample of glass was heated from 274 K to 314 K, a temperature increase of 40. K, and was found to have absorbed 32 J of energy as heat.
What is the specific heat of this type of glass?

18. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
A 4.0-g sample of glass was heated from 274 K to 314 K, a temperature increase of 40. K, and was found to have absorbed 32 J of energy as heat.
How much energy will the same glass sample gain when it is heated from 314 K to 344 K?

19. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
A 4.0-g sample of glass was heated from 274 K to 314 K, a temperature increase of 40. K, and was found to have absorbed 32 J of energy as heat.
How much energy will the same glass sample gain when it is heated from 314 K to 344 K?

20. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
Determine the specific heat of a material if a 35-g sample absorbed 96J as it was heated from 293 K to 313 K.

21. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
Determine the specific heat of a material if a 35-g sample absorbed 96J as it was heated from 293 K to 313 K.
0.14 J/(g • K)

22. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
If 980 kJ of energy are added to 6.2 L of water at 291 K, what will the final temperature of the water be?

23. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
If 980 kJ of energy are added to 6.2 L of water at 291 K, what will the final temperature of the water be?
329 K

24. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
A piece of copper alloy with a mass of 85.0 g is heated from 30. °C to 45 °C. In the process, it absorbs 523 J of energy as heat.
What is the specific heat of this copper alloy?
How much energy will the same sample lose if it is cooled from 45°C to 25°C?

25. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
A piece of copper alloy with a mass of 85.0 g is heated from 30. °C to 45 °C. In the process, it absorbs 523 J of energy as heat.
What is the specific heat of this copper alloy?
0.41 J/(g • K)
How much energy will the same sample lose if it is cooled from 45°C to 25°C?
7.0×102 J

26. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
The temperature of a 74-g sample of material increases from 15 °C to 45 °C when it absorbs 2.0 kJ of energy as heat.
What is the specific heat of the material?

27. Energy transfer varies from reaction to reaction.
The temperature of a 74-g sample of material increases from 15 °C to 45 °C when it absorbs 2.0 kJ of energy as heat.
What is the specific heat of the material?
0.90 J/(g • K)