1. Latin American Independence
Age of Revolution
Latin American Independence

2. Latin American Independence - Haiti
Creoles played the largest leadership roles in independence movements
Colonial Power – France
Leader – Toussaint L’Ouverture
Important Events
1. Led by slaves
2. Burned plantation homes and sugar
cane fields

3. Latin American Independence - Haiti
Important Events
3. Gained independence in 1804

4. Latin American Independence - Mexico
Colonial Power – Spain
Leaders
1. Hidalgo – priest who led early
movement (tried and executed)
2. Jose Morelos – priest who was
defeated by the Spaniards in 1815
3. Iturbide – won independence in 1821

5. Latin American Independence - Mexico
Key Events – liberal revolt threatened Spanish monarchy in 1821  creoles fought for independence because they feared losing their power and privileges

6. Latin American Independence – South America
Colonial Power – Spain
Leader – Simon Bolivar – The Liberator
Key Events  Simon Bolivar liberated Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Bolivia, and Ecuador

7. Latin American Independence

8. Latin American Independence - Brazil
Colonial Power – Portugal
Leader – King Joao (king of Portugal) and Dom Pedro (son of Joao)
Key Events
1. Portuguese royal family fled Portugal
and went to Brazil to escape from
Napoleon
2. When Joao returns to Portugal, he puts his
son in charge of Brazil

9. Latin American Independence - Brazil
Key Events
– Dom Pedro grants Brazil
independence (bloodless revolution +
only South American country to select a
constitutional monarchy as its form of
government)

10. Enlightenment and Technology
All-weather roads improved year- round transport and trade.
New designs in farm tools increased productivity (agricultural revolution).
Improvements in ship design lowered the cost of transport

11. Enlightenment and Technology
The Age of Reason witnessed inventions and innovations in technology that stimulated trade and transportation

12. Enlightenment and Art
The Enlightenment brought a new emphasis on the order and balance in the arts as artists borrowed heavily from classical Greece and Rome.
New forms of literature were established.

13. Art and Literature of the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries
New forms of art and literature
Paintings depicted classical subjects, public events, natural scenes, and living people (portraits).
New forms of literature evolved—the novel (e.g., Cervantes’ Don Quixote).

14. Enlightenment and Art
Representative artists, philosophers, and writers
Johann Sebastian Bach— Composer
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart— Composer
Eugène Delacroix—Painter
Miguel de Cervantes—Novelist