1. ALL POLICIES AND RIGHTS RELATED TO HOUSING AFTER POST INDEPENDENCE (Brief Current Policies Acc. To Government ) MASS HOUSING STRATEGIES By: Alok Omar Shriya Agrawal M.Arch. 1 st Sem. FOA, LUCKNOW

2. Introduction Housing policies of the Government of India have come a long way since the 1950s. While at the start of “planned development” the policies were more welfare centric, later on these came to be driven by a well-defined constellation of economic interests. At the same time, the role of the government has also changed gradually from being a provider of housing to being merely a facilitator of housing activity. For an easier understanding we can divide the period since 1950s into four phases. Contents Introduction Five year plan Phases 1.Phase 1 2.Phase 2 3.Phase 3 4.Phase 4 Conclusion References 1950s- 1960s Phase 1 Early 1970s- Mid 1980s Phase 2 Mid 1980s- Early 2000 Phase 3 Early 2000 Onwar ds Phase 4

3. Five Year Plan- The economy of India is based in part on planning through its five-year plans, which are developed, executed and monitored by the planning commission. The major aim is to make India as a strong in economical condition and provide better housing facilities so that different policies were launched in India for providing this kind of facilities. Before going through the phases, first we will understand what is - Contents Introduction Five Year Plan Phases 1.Phase 1 2.Phase 2 3.Phase 3 4.Phase 4 Conclusion References

4. Phase 1 (1950s-1960s) The first phase roughly comprises of the first two decades when the initial policies were taking shape and the government was trying to address the problems of all sections of society. This phase covers the following five year plans- 1 st five year plan (1951-56 ) 2 nd five year plan (1956-61) 3 rd five year plan (1961-66 ) Contents Introduction Five year plan Phases 1.Phase 1 2.Phase 2 3.Phase 3 4.Phase 4 Conclusion References

5. 1 st Five Year Plan (1951-56) Construction of houses for Government employees and weaker sections. Housing for the refugees from Eastern and Western Pakistan. Following schemes were introduced - a)Subsidised housing scheme for industrial workers (1952). b)Low income group housing scheme (1954). c)Slum clearance and improvement scheme (1956) At the end of the year approx. 1.3 million houses were added. Contents Introduction Five year plan Phases 1.Phase 1 2.Phase 2 3.Phase 3 4.Phase 4 Conclusion References

6. 2 nd Five Year Plan (1956-61) The Industrial Housing Scheme was widened to cover all workers. The following new schemes were introduced, namely, a)Rural housing scheme b)Sweepers housing scheme c)Middle income group housing scheme (1959) At the end of the year approx. 1.9 million houses were added. Contents Introduction Five year plan Phases 1.Phase 1 2.Phase 2 3.Phase 3 4.Phase 4 Conclusion References

7. 3 rd Five Year Plan (1961-66) Setting of Central Housing Board. A scheme for providing loan to Middle Income Group, with funds provided by LIC. The plan aimed to increase national income by 30% and agriculture production by 30% and to promote economic developments in backward areas. Contents Introduction Five year plan Phases 1.Phase 1 2.Phase 2 3.Phase 3 4.Phase 4 Conclusion References

8. Phase 2 - (Early 1970s – Mid 1980s) The second phase is roughly the period from the early 1970s to mid 1980s; in this period, the government accepted that it cannot serve all the sections of society and hence started focusing only on weaker sections (WS). This phase covers the following five year plans- 4 th five year plan (1969-74)5 th five year plan (1974-79)6 th five year plan (1980-85) Contents Introduction Five year plan Phases 1.Phase 1 2.Phase 2 3.Phase 3 4.Phase 4 Conclusion References

9. 4 th Five Year Plan (1969-74) The government noted the economic significance of housing activities and its contribution to the country’s economy & created a national level corporation. Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO) in 1970. The government started focussing on low cost schemes like Environmental Improvement Scheme of Urban Slums (1972) to tackle the problem of slum proliferation.. Contents Introduction Five year plan Phases 1.Phase 1 2.Phase 2 3.Phase 3 4.Phase 4 Conclusion References

10. 5 th Five Year Plan (1974-79) Provision of Urban Development Programme were taken up in Bombay, Madras,Calcutta and in other 9 cities(1974-75) Total provision of Rs.256.13 crore has been made for Urban Development. Main thrust of the programme was directed towards ameliorating the condition of the backward Reiterated the policies of the preceding Plans to promote smaller towns in new urban centers. Contents Introduction Five year plan Phases 1.Phase 1 2.Phase 2 3.Phase 3 4.Phase 4 Conclusion References

11. 6 th Five Year Plan (1980-85) A low cost scheme was envisaged Sites and Services Scheme (1980) to tackle the problem of slum proliferation. The Housing and Urban Development (HUDCO) and General Insurance Corporation (GIC) have also entered the field of rural housing. Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awas Yojna (1985) Provides financial assistance to rural poor for constructing their houses themselves. Contents Introduction Five year plan Phases 1.Phase 1 2.Phase 2 3.Phase 3 4.Phase 4 Conclusion References

12. Phase 3 - (Mid 1980s – Early 2000s) The third phase is roughly the period from the mid 1980s to early 2000s. In this period, neoliberal policies made their way into the discourse and its focus changed from physical provision of housing to its financing. This phase covers the following five year plans- 7 th five year plan (1985-90) 8 th five year plan (1992-97) 9 th five year plan (1997-2002) Contents Introduction Five year plan Phases 1.Phase 1 2.Phase 2 3.Phase 3 4.Phase 4 Conclusion References

13. 7 th Five Year Plan -(1985-90) The emergence of a particular kind of housing schemes for poorer section, which were designed by the centre but required matching funds from state these are better known as Centrally Sponsored Schemes. Some examples of such schemes are- a)Urban Basic Services Scheme (1986, later renamed as Urban Basic Services for Poor in 1991) b)Nehru Rozgar Yojna’s Scheme of Housing and Shelter Upgradation (1990) Contents Introduction Five year plan Phases 1.Phase 1 2.Phase 2 3.Phase 3 4.Phase 4 Conclusion References

14. 8 th Five Year Plan-(1992-97) In continuation of Centrally Sponsored Schemes, National Slum Development Programme (1996) came into existence. For the first time explicitly recognized the role and importance of urban sector for the national economy. Long term objectives –”Shelter for All”. Contents Introduction Five year plan Phases 1.Phase 1 2.Phase 2 3.Phase 3 4.Phase 4 Conclusion References

15. 9 th Five Year Plan - (1997-2002) Social Schemes are implemented in state sector with state plan provision and loan assistance from HUDCO and other financial institution. The cabinet since has been taken a decision to repel ULCRA (Urban Land Regulation Act,1976) & Rent control act. Contents Introduction Five year plan Phases 1.Phase 1 2.Phase 2 3.Phase 3 4.Phase 4 Conclusion References

16. Phase 4 (Early 2000s onwards) In this period, the government has definitively adopted the role of facilitator. It is now promoting the participation of private sector in housing activities for all the sections of society, while itself taking a backseat in all these activities. This phase covers the following five year plans- 10 th five year plan (2002-2007)11 th five year plan (2007-2012)12 th five year plan (2012-2017) Contents Introduction Five year plan Phases 1.Phase 1 2.Phase 2 3.Phase 3 4.Phase 4 Conclusion References

17. 10 th Five Year Plan- ( 2002-2007) Strengthening of vulnerable houses in EWS & LIG category. National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy, 2007. Taking into account emerging challenges of required shelter and growth of slums, the first ever urban areas specific. The central government’s schemes in this plan, which were focused only on weaker sections of society Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojna in 2001, which was later merged with BSUP under JnNURM in 2005. Contents Introduction Five year plan Phases 1.Phase 1 2.Phase 2 3.Phase 3 4.Phase 4 Conclusion References

18. 11 th Five Year Plan- (2007-2012) PPP are preferred mode for construction and operation of infrastructure services. According to the Eleventh Plan, “The Master Plan concept has also not been useful in addressing India’s large and widely spread slums. By locking-in the supply of buildable land and space, the Master Plan, inter alia, inhibits the development of housing markets and contributes to the proliferation of slums.” This led the government to try a different route of development planning led by City Development Plans (CDPs) in its latest scheme called Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM). Contents Introduction Five year plan Phases 1.Phase 1 2.Phase 2 3.Phase 3 4.Phase 4 Conclusion References

19. 12 th Five Year Plan- (2012-2017) Rajiv Awas Yojna in 2013 advocated to be implemented on Public Private Partnership (PPP) basis. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna (PMAY) in 2015 housing to enable better living and drive economic growth stressing on the need for people centric urban planning and development. Contents Introduction Five year plan Phases 1.Phase 1 2.Phase 2 3.Phase 3 4.Phase 4 Conclusion References

20. GOVERNMENT SPONSORED SLUM UPGRADATION SCHEME IN URBAN AREAS- S.N O SCHEMESYEAROBJECTIVE 1 INTEGRATED HOUSING AND SLUM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM 2005 2BASIC SERVICES TO THE URBAN POOR (BSUP) 2005-06 3NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING AND HABITAT POLICY 2007 4TWO MILLION HOUSING PROGRAMME WITH JnNURM 5RAJIV AWAS YOJANA2013-22 6VALLMIKI AMBEDKAR AWAS YOJNA (VAMBAY) DEC-2001 7INTEGRATED HOUSING AND SLUM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (IHSDP)= (VAMBAY + NSDP) CURRENT 8INTEGRATED SUBSIDY SCHEME FOR HOUSING THE URBAN POOR (ISHUP) WITH JnNURM(BSUP+) 9PRADHAN MANTRI GRAMIN AWAS YOJANA(PMGAY) PREVIOUSLY INDIRA GANDHI AWAS YOJANA(IAY) 25 TH JUNE,2015 (HOUSING FOR ALL) 10NATIONAL HOUSING POLICY(NHP) NEW NATIONAL HOUSING POLICY(NHP) NATIONAL HOUSING AND HABITAT POLICY(NHHP) NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING AND HABITAT POLICY(NUHHP) 1988 1994 1998 11ATAL MISSION FOR REJUVENATION AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION (AMRUT) JUNE ‘2015

22. Conclusion The urban policies could directly contribute to achieve the goals of poverty alleviation and removal of unemployment and under- employment. One significant fact is that the Mega cities have been growing very slowly but cater to the sizeable portion of urban population. Their age-old urban infrastructure need to be upgraded for a healthy living. Contents Introduction Five year plan Phases 1.Phase 1 2.Phase 2 3.Phase 3 4.Phase 4 Conclusion References

23. www.plaanningcommision.com www.mhupa.gov.in http://www.sarkarijankari.in/central-government-schemes/ http://sior.ub.edu/jspui/cris/socialimpact/socialimpact00553 Contents Introduction Five year plan Phases 1.Phase 1 2.Phase 2 3.Phase 3 4.Phase 4 Conclusion References Other resources: PRESEBTATION / ARTICLE TOPICPUBLISHER/ WRITER ARTICLE- (NOVEMBER 7, 2014) A SHORT HISTORY OF HOUSING POLICES IN INDEPENDENT INDIA POST BY GAURAV MITTAL PRESENTATION HOUSING POLICY- FIVE YEAR PLAN PG URBAN PLANNING CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, M.TECH. (PLANNING), SEMESTER-1