1. Future Power System Control Architecture
Kai Heussen (CET, DTU Elektro)
WP 3.2

2. What is ”Power System Control Architecture" ?
The classic picture
Active (control)
Transmission connected: Generation
Control of  Frequency (ubiquitous) f Transmission Voltage V
Passive (no control)
Distribution Systems – Load Predictable daily / seasonal variation V P V Q V

3. What is ”Power System Control Architecture" ?
The classic picture + some Wind (DER)
Active (control)
Transmission connected: Generation
Control of  Frequency (ubiquitous) f Transmission Voltage V
Passive (no control)
Distribution Systems – Load Predictable daily / seasonal variation
Distributed Generation ”negative load” V P V Q V

4. What is ”Power System Control Architecture" ?
The classic picture
Active (control)
Transmission connected: Generation
Control of  Frequency (ubiquitous) f Transmission Voltage V
Passive (no control)
Distribution Systems – Load Predictable daily / seasonal variation
Distributed Generation ”negative load” V P V V Q V

5. What is ”Power System Control Architecture" ?
Storage
Control? V V V V
CHP
Micro CHP

6. The Challenge to Control Architecture
The classic architecture is challenged by distributed input
understand of how to integrate DER into PS control
Future ”active” Distribution Systems

7. Trends in Power System Control
More Challenges …
stochastic influence -> generation mix -> storage demand
”Storage” integration -> optimal utilization
Evaluate ”efficiency”  ressource allocation -> agent/markets
Ownership and regulation issues  Who may control what?
Inertia (? –Scenario!)

8. Trends in Power System Control
New Technologies
Virtual Power Plant (VPP)
Commercial integration of DER
Microgrids, Cells
Technical Full-Control Solution
Agent Technologies
Demand Control
Dispatchable load, DFR, …
Centralization:
WAMS, PMU etc.,
Central Wind Dispatch
Decentralization:
unit intelligence, (power electronics), more inputs…

9. Trends in Power System Control
More Challenges …
Less Inertia ?
More stochastic influence
Uncontrollable inputs
Unobserved power flows
Evaluate ”efficiency” of Solutions
”Storage” integration
Ownership and regulation issues  Who may control what?
New Technologies
Virtual Power Plant (VPP)
Commercial integration of DER
Microgrids, Cells
Technical Full-Control Solution
Demand Control
Dispatchable load, DFR, …
Centralization:
WAMS, PMU etc.,
CECREL
Decentralization:
unit intelligence, (power electronics), more inputs…
some unsolved questions!

10. V2G as DER
Vehicle to Grid (V2G) is an example of distributed ressource:
Controllable Load
Storage
Stochastic availability
(car/V2G)

11. Study Functional Control Architecture: Bornholm Power System
Well investigated system
Goal: Model Control Architecture.
Test Case for new Control Means

12. Some further ideas Functional Model of Power System Control
Robustness factors
E.g. a robust-control based model of distribution networks
Establish ”markets” for operational tasks  flexible allocation of new resources
Power balancing, voltage control, …
control via automatic market, agent technology
Operation
Forward-
Spot-
Regulation-
-Market

13. What kind of control is needed to enable 100% renewable energy supply?
The Question
What kind of control is needed to enable 100% renewable energy supply?
How much decentralization of energy ressource is feasible? (vs.) How much decentralization of control is necessary? (this is a qualitative, rather than quantitative question)
Which Functions are really required?

14. Thanks for your Attention!
Questions? Welcome!