1. Writing a Recipe Step Ahead Book 4A Unit 4
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2. the factors affecting the writing of a recipe
In this lesson, you will learn about:
the factors affecting the writing of
a recipe
the organisation of a recipe
the features of a recipe
the writing process

3. What factors affect the writing of a recipe?

4. i.e. What is the text type? e.g. a recipe
The style and structure of writing is affected by three factors:
Genre
i.e. What is the text type? e.g. a recipe
Audience
Purpose
i.e. Who will read my writing?
e.g. parents
i.e. Why am I writing?
e.g. to explain how a dish is made

5. a recipe parents people who like to cook
What is the genre for this writing task?
a recipe
Who is the audience for this genre?
parents
people who like to cook

6. to explain how a dish is made
What is the purpose of a recipe?
to explain how a dish is made
to give a precise record of the ingredients used, the amounts needed, and the way they are combined

7. Exercise 1
Tick the sentence below which most likely comes from a recipe. 
1. Drain the mixture and then return the mixture to the bowl; add mint and basil and toss to combine.
1. Drain the mixture and then return the mixture to the bowl; add mint and basil and toss to combine. 
2. It is hard to imagine what cooking would be like without the unique flavours provided by herbs. 
3. Milk your dishwasher for all it’s worth by stuffing it with dishes before flipping the switch. 
4. American Potato serves typical food in the US. There are also special dishes at the weekend.

8. What does a recipe include?

9. A recipe includes:
the name of the dish
ingredients
directions

10. indicate the main ingredients used
The name of the dish:
indicate the main ingredients used
state the cooking method
 indicate ingredients used 
e.g.
Lettuce Wraps with Smoked Trout  
show cooking methods
 show style of the dish
e.g.
Indian-style Chicken Curry with Rice  
indicate ingredients used

11. state the main ingredients needed
include the amount needed for each ingredient
e.g.
2 x 4.5 oz packages blanched whole almonds
e.g.
3 tablespoons apple jelly
e.g.
1 cup all purpose flour

12. explain how each ingredient is used and combined
Directions:
explain how each ingredient is used and combined
include different cooking steps, utensils used and time needed
e.g.
Heat a wok gently and add one tablespoon of oil. Sprinkle the chopped green onion and garlic. Stir-fry the mixture until aromatic.
e.g.
Bake cookies for 15 minutes in an oven at 200°C.

13. What are the main features of a recipe?

14. objective statements to avoid personal opinion
In a recipe, we use:
objective statements to avoid personal opinion
abbreviations to talk about the quantities of ingredients
imperatives to give cooking instructions

15. recipe is a record of cooking steps and ingredient needed
We use objective statements to avoid personal opinion:
recipe is a record of cooking steps and ingredient needed
no need to add personal feelings or opinion
keep it simple by omitting the doer

16. We use abbreviations to talk about the quantities of ingredients:
e.g.
4 tbs. sesame oil (tbs. = tablespoon)
e.g.
1 cup (250 ml, 8 fl oz) buttermilk (ml = millilitre, fl oz = fluid ounce)
e.g.
1 kg flour (kg = kilogram)
e.g.
2 tsp. black pepper (tsp. = teaspoon)
e.g.
½ cup sour cream (opt.) (opt. = optional)

17. use bare infinitive to start sentence
We use imperatives to give cooking instructions:
the subject is omitted
use bare infinitive to start sentence
e.g.
Simmer turkey for about 20 minutes.
e.g.
Mix butter, sugar and eggs in a bowl.
e.g.
Wrap the chicken firmly with aluminum foil.

18. Exercise 2
Match the cooking verbs in column A with the descriptions in column B.
Column A
Column B
sprinkle
to mix liquid, eggs etc. very quickly
whisk
to make the water in something flow away
marinate
to scatter small pieces of something on food
carve
to press the food until it is soft and smooth
drain
to cut a large piece of cooked meat
mash
to put meat in a mixture of oil and spices

19. The Writing Process 19

20. How do I generate ideas for a recipe?

21. with fresh coriander leaves
Use mind maps to help you list out details to be included in the recipe:
Click the subgroup to find out more ideas.
Sweet and Sour Prawns
dish name
1 spring onion
6 tiger prawns
4 teaspoons ketchup
bowl
wok
ingredients
Recipe
utensils
directions
serving instructions
mix
cut
stir-fry
heat
serve immediately
with fresh coriander leaves

22. Mix seasonings in a bowl
Use a flow chart to list cooking steps in chronological order:
Click the subgroup to find out more ideas.
Step 1
Mix seasonings in a bowl 
Step 2
Chop spring onion 
Step 3
Heat oil in wok 
Step 4
Stir-fry ingredients

23. Common words used in a recipe:
Vocabulary
Common words used in a recipe:
Cooking utensils
baking tray
blender
can opener
frying pan
grater
juicer
measuring spoon
whisk
Cooking steps
bake
blanche
boil
braise
deep-fry
grill
pickle
smoke
steam
stew
stir-fry
toast 23

24. How do I write a recipe?

25. Pre-writing Drafting Editing Proofreading
-brainstorm ideas using mind maps, tables, etc.
-note down ideas, vocabulary 
Drafting
-use a flow chart to outline your writing plan
-draft your writing 
Editing
-re-read and examine your draft
-correct for ideas, organisation, style 
Proofreading
-proofread for spelling, grammar, punctuation
-correct any mistakes 
Finished product

26. Three factors affect writing: genre
Summary:
Three factors affect writing:
genre
audience
purpose
Organisation of a recipe:
the dish name
ingredients
directions

27. Features of a recipe: objective statements abbreviations imperatives
Summary:
Features of a recipe:
objective statements
abbreviations
imperatives
Generate ideas using:
mind maps
flow charts

28. The writing process: pre-writing drafting editing proofreading
Summary:
The writing process:
pre-writing
drafting
editing
proofreading

29. Step Ahead
Book 4A Unit 4
The End