1. Unit 1: European Colonization of America
Lesson 2: Columbian Exchange

2. Standards Strand: History Topic: Colonization to Independence
European countries established colonies in North America as a means of increasing wealth and power. As the English colonies developed their own governments and economies, they resisted domination by the monarchy, rebelled and fought for independence.
Content Statement: 2
North America, originally inhabited by American Indians, was explored and colonized by Europeans for economic and religious reasons.

3. Columbian Exchange

4. Essential Question
What was the global impact of Columbus’ voyages?

5. Columbus’ Legacy
While Columbus may have failed to achieve his main goal of finding a shorter sea route to Asia, his voyages were extremely influential to the world
His success inspired other nations to hire other explorers in search of new wealth, knowledge, land, and faster sea routes.

6. America
In 1501, Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci sailed with a fleet that landed on the coast of present-day South America
He was amazed with the many varieties of animals and plants that he saw.
Mapmakers labeled the new continents America, after him

7. Ferdinand Magellan

8. Opening of the Atlantic
After European explorers like Columbus and Magellan, the Atlantic ocean became a gateway to Africa, India and the Americas.
The “opening of the Atlantic” altered trade routes between European countries.
Portugal and Spain specifically benefited from these routes across the Atlantic and Pacific

9. Positives of a shift in trade
+ Spanish and Portuguese traders made more profits + Increase influence in foreign affairs + Other European countries began becoming involve in trade

10. Negatives of the shift in trade
Traditional overland trade routes were less important
Asia and Venice lost power and control in trade

11. The Columbian Exchange
Columbian Exchange – The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases from the Americas to Asia, Africa, Europe and vice versa.

13. It is called the “Columbian Exchange” because it resulted from Christopher Columbus’ explorations
It had a tremendous impact on the entire world economy and trade.

14. From the Americas to Europe
Corn, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers
Tobacco, cocoa,
Turkey, llama, guinea pig

15. From Europe to the Americas
Horses, cattle, pigs, sheep, chicken
Wheat, barley, rice, bananas

16. European Diseases
Europeans also accidentally brought over deadly diseases such as measles, smallpox, typhus
Most Europeans had developed natural resistance to these diseases.
Native Americans had never been exposed to these diseases, so they easily became sick and died from them.
Hundreds of thousands of Native Americans died from the spread of European diseases.

17. Measles Infection of the respiratory system Symptoms-
Fever, cough, red eyes, rashes
Can also lead to further complications and infections

18. Smallpox
Infectious disease that creates fluid filled blisters on the skin
Symptoms: fever, headache, vomiting, legions on the skin
Can cause blindness and death

21. Typhus Highly fatal disease transmitted through the blood
Easily spread by lice
Symptoms:
Chills, cough, high fever, rash
Delirium, stupor, muscle pain, death

22. Northwest Passage
Spain and Portugal explored Central and South America
Other European countries focused on North America
Northwest Passage – a path that would allow ships to sail around or through North America
Would connect the Atlantic and Pacific oceans
Was not found during this time

24. Searching for the Northwest Passage
Giovanni da Verrazano
Italian sailor sent to find NWP
Jacques Cartier
French sailor; led French explorations of NA
His crew rebelled against him and put him and a few followers in a boat to die

25. Samuel de Champlain Henry Hudson French sailor; founded Quebec
Helped France become established in Canada
Henry Hudson
Dutch hired, English sailor sent to find NWP
Sailed to present-day New York
Battled bitter colds while exploring north
Crew mutinied against him

26. What was the global impact of Columbus’ voyages?