1. Concept Development Underground Infrastructure Mapping and Modeling
George Percivall
CTO, Chief Engineer
Open Geospatial Consortium
© 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

2. Convergence of Geospatial Information
Geospatial, Civil Engineering & BIM come together in the Urban environment; destined to work together
Graphics: OGC
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© 2016 Open Geospatial Consortium

3. © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium
3D Urban Modeling
Far more than the 3D visualization of reality
geometry and its appearance are only one aspect of an entity (not SMART)
Key issue (to make things SMART): Semantic modeling
meaning / structure / relationships
Enabling geospatial smart city services
Need for standards to integrate data
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4. © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium
Application Areas
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5. Multiple NYC CityGML Datasets
NYC 3-D Building Model
with exterior geometry
3D CityGML model from NYC Open Data
> 1,000,000 buildings
> 866,000 land lots
> 149,000 streets
> 16,000 parks
> 9,500 water bodies
> DTM with 1m resolution
fully-automatically generated from the 2D geodata published in the NYC Open Data Portal
semantic and geometric transformations
all objects have 3D geometry
rich semantic information ( attributes per object resulting from combining different NYC datasets)
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6. Benefits of an Open Standards Approach
Reduce risk by aligning projects on open standards, program development is based on proven practices
Improve choice in marketplace by broaden choice of IT solutions through plug-and-play based on standards
Enable legacy systems to interoperate with new technologies by adapting these systems to leverage standard interfaces and encodings.
Reduce overall system lifecycle costs by reducing or eliminating custom integration through the use of open standards
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7. Building 3D Models from all sources
Architecture
Large scale
(mm)
Geospatial
World
Country
City
Region
Building
Small scale
(km)
Component
Room
Section
Floor
Building
To put the field into perspective, where a Building in Architecture is the largest object in Geomatics it is the Smallest.
But the there definitely is an overlap between the fields.
Both fields have there own data format standards, CityGML and IFC
These have 3D geometries with strong semantics.
IFC is a Dutch openstandard, which means that Governmental organizations are required to use IFC
High availability especially in the future
My thesis is about converting the IFC building models to CityGML, thereby reusing existing data which benefits the consistency
And creating building models optimized for analyses with an unprecedented amount of detail.
CityGML
IFC
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8. OGC’s Approach for Advancing Interoperability
Innovation Program – a global, innovative, hands-on rapid prototyping and testing program designed to unite users and industry in accelerating interface development and validation, and the delivery of interoperability to the market
Rapid Interface
Development
Standards Program – Consensus standards process similar to other Industry consortia (World Wide Web Consortium, OMA etc.).
Standards
Setting
Compliance Program – allows organizations that implement an OGC standard to test their implementations with the mandatory elements of that standard
Testing &
Certification
As a response, the OpenGIS concept and dream began due to:
1. The user’s need to integrate geographic information contained in heterogeneous data stores whose incompatible formats and data structures have prevented interoperability. This incompatibility has limited use of the technology in enterprise and Internet computing environments, and the time, cost, and expertise required for data conversion have slowed adoption of geoprocessing across all market segments.
2. The larger community’s need for improved access to public and private geodata sources, with preservation of the data’s semantics.
3. Agency and vendor needs to develop standardized approaches for specification of geoprocessing requirements for information system procurements.
4. The industry’s need to incorporate geodata and geoprocessing resources into national and enterprise information infrastructures, in order that these resources may be found and used as easily as any other network-resident data and processing resources.
5. Users’ need to preserve the value of their legacy geoprocessing systems and legacy geodata while incorporating new geoprocessing capabilities and geodata sources.
Communications and Outreach Program – education and training, encourage take up of OGC specifications, business development, communications programs
Market
Adoption
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9. OGC Innovation Program
OGC Standards Program
Operational System
Plugfest
Pilot
Technology Maturation And Compliance
Experiment/ Hackathon
Specifications
Implementations
Demonstrations
Testbed
“IRCW”
Types of OGC Innovation Program Initiatives
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10. OGC Concept Development Process
To assess emerging technologies & architectures in support of interoperability initiatives and open standards
Process
1. Request for Information (RFI)
Wide request for input on relevant technologies and open standards
RFI frames the questions to be addressed
2. Engineering Workshop
Workshop to discuss and advance the concepts in the RFI
Presentations based on RFI Responses 
3. CDS Report
Engineering Report of open standards and architecture views
Describe approach indicating feasibility and maturity
© 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

11. RFI on Underground Infrastructure Mapping and Modeling
RFI Purpose
Part of a Concept Development Study to assess the current state and future direction of information standards for modeling, mapping, and managing underground infrastructure
Seeking recommendations to be considered for inclusion in best practices and future phases, i.e., testbed and pilot
Recommendations may include technologies, system architectures, information models and vocabularies, as well as organizational practices and approaches to governance.
Sponsors
Fund for the City of New York (FCNY)
Singapore Land Authority (SLA)
Ordnance Survey
RFI Response Due Date: March 15, 2017
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12. Underground RFI Applications and Benefits
Comprehensive, exchangeable and up-to-date datasets could benefit the following business and societal activities:
Utility services operation and maintenance
Emergency management and disaster response
Construction planning and management
Medium and long term planning for development, utilities, transport
Information model foundations of smart cities.
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13. Anticipated Benefits listed in Underground RFI
●  Less damage to existing assets when undertaking works
●  Better estimation of timescales earlier in the process
●  Improved assessment of impacts and risks to other assets from planned activities
●  More effective prevention of, preparation for and response to emergencies
●  More accurate analysis, prediction, and prevention of cascading utilities failures
●  More comprehensive analysis of options for continuity of service
●  Better understanding of points of vulnerability within and between assets.
●  More secure sharing of sensitive underground information
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14. © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium
RFI Responses
Accenture Bentley BGS
Boston City BRGM Cesar Quiroga
CityGML Chair Dassault Systemes Delft University
Dubai Elec/Water EPRI Erik Stubkjaer
Geoweb 3D HERE HL Consulting
Informatie Vlaanderen LandInfra SWG Les Guest Assoc.
Luciad Robin Danton Rotterdam City
Sewer Network Spacetime Technology St Paul Minnesota
Swiss Water SJIB Technics Group Tech. Univ München
UMS Bernice
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Workshop Sessions
Monday, April 24th 
Session 1 – Opening, Introductions, Project Overview
Session 2 – Cities with underground projects
Session 3 – Underground information systems practices
Session 4 – Data models for integration and data sharing
6:00 pm – Group Dinner hosted by GEO.works
Tuesday, April 25th 
Session 5 – Underground Environment data model
Session 6 – Data collection, curation, integration, analysis
Session 7 – Breakout sessions
Session 8 – Workshop summary; Planning the Pilot phase
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16. Session 2 – Cities with underground projects
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For Details on OGC …
OGC Standards
Freely available
OGC Innovation
George Percivall
gpercivall at opengeospatial.org
@percivall
© 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium