2. HIV it all starts with the virus
Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus
- Attacks Helper T Cells

3. What is HIV ? Retrovirus- changes every time it reproduces
The virus attacks and takes over the Helper T cells (CD4 T cell) and
May remain dormant for a long time depending on the infected person’s immune system
Helper T Cell

4. Three Stages of HIV 1st stage HIV + Asymptomatic
2nd stage ARC or AIDS related complex
3rd stage “AIDS” or Full Blown AIDS

5. 1st Stage Asymptomatic Carriers
-No symptoms, but are HIV positive
-Biggest concern is many of these people don’t know they are infected and are spreading it unknowingly

6. 2nd Stage ARC AIDS Related Complex
When the immune system starts to weaken due to a lower helper T cell count
Count drops from a normal range of to
Symptoms include night sweats, chills,yeast infections of the mouth, chronic diarrhea, body rash and weight loss

7. 3rd Stage “AIDS” Require Two main criteria
A person is said to have AIDS if their T cell count drops below 200 or
They have acquired one of the (23) OPPORTUNISTIC DISEASES associated with late term infections

8. Opportunistic Diseases
PCP or pneumoncystis
Carinii pneumonia
Kaposis sarcoma a rare skin cancer
Brain dementia
Tuberculosis
Yeast infections of mouth

9. Major problems in Underdeveloped Countries
Education -knowledge is the key to slowing the disease
Money / Treatment: Expensive and most don’t have access to Dr. or $$$ to pay for drugs
Language barriers make it difficult
Transmission – prostitution is high (or legal)

10. Transmission or How you get it
Exchange of certain body fluids during sex
Tiny rips in vagina, anus, mouth or on penis allow entry of virus
More likely to spread
1. During anal sex
2. Males to females
3. Multiple partners
4. Prostitution

11. Sharing Contaminated Needles
Intravenous drug use with another person
Tattooing with infected instruments
Piercing

12. From mother to baby Infected pregnant female or new mother
Exchange of blood during gestation or at time of delivery
Breast feeding
About 20% of babies get infected if mother is infected (depending on her viral load)

13. Mother to Baby

14. High Risk Body Fluids Blood Semen (not the sperm) Vaginal Secretions
Breast Milk

15. Low Risk Body Fluids
Tears
Sweat
Saliva
Urine

16. Prevention
Education
Abstinence
Monogamy
Condoms

17. Testing and Detection They Look for HIV Antibodies in Blood
What do they look for ?
They Look for HIV Antibodies in Blood
It usually takes 2 to 6 months for the antibodies to show up in a test
Two Test
ELISA developed to screen blood supply
2. Western Blot Test -More expensive and accurate

18. Who should be tested? Mandatory testing Everybody ?
1. Active Military personnel & Applicants
2. prison inmates
3. life insurance Applicants (screen for)
Everybody ?
Not practical
Incubation period, cost
Most people don’t put themselves at risk
Unconstitutional

19. -There is no cure or vaccine for HIV at the present time.
Treatment
-There is no cure or vaccine for HIV at the present time.
-The only treatment right now is to
STOP or SLOW the VIRUS from reproducing

20. Drugs Protease Inhibitors
AZT developed in 1994, help clean up the blood supply
Protease Inhibitors
1996 to present
Combination of drugs that are taken to attack the virus at its different stages of development
20 different pills daily

21. Treatment Facts Has shown to increase someone's life
Can reduce the virus to where it is undetectable
Lowered peoples concern of getting the disease causing a false sense of security
Virus mutates and becomes resistant to new drugs
Very expensive $15,000/ year