1. Open Access - what it is all about
11/6/2017
Open Access - what it is all about
Jens Vigen, Dakar, Senegal, 22nd November 2011
Cross section between techn. & phil.

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3. What’s the problem with (some) journals?
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The present subscription model is not sustainable:
the community needs a new model to
(1) contain costs and
(2) achieve Open Access

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II Open Access
What is Open Access? 4

5. Different perceptions and definitions
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What is Open Access?
Different perceptions and definitions
Points of view vary depending on who’s talking

6. There are two ways to provide OA
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There are two ways to provide OA
Green OA Self-Archiving
Authors self-archive their manuscripts/postprints
Gold OA Publishing
Authors publish in an OA journal 6

7. “Full” Open Access an opportunity for the crowds
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“Full” Open Access an opportunity for the crowds
The print era had its natural limitations
There is no reason to carry any of these limitations forward to the online era
Today any scientist should have the possibility to read, textmine, remix material and publish without being confronted with any financial or legal barriers

8. … do authors submit? A quick reality check on the annual production:
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A quick reality check on the annual production:
~300 theoretical papers, we capture 0% (!!)
~500 theses, we capture 10% (world average …)
~300 experimental papers, we capture 95%
How can this be compensated for?
Import from arXiv ensures 100% coverage for theory
Individually ing authors retrospectively, brings the coverage up to 30%, even for theses dating 10 years back
Check for CERN authors in publishers feeds, contact the research group or import publishers’ version when permitted
Author efforts
Library efforts

9. Gold and green hand in hand
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Targeted action: 13’000 theoretical articles over 57 years
Old copies of manuscripts retrieved and scanned from the CERN Archive and private archives of the authors
Hunt for theses
Requesting authors to publish in OA journals : goal 100%
Mechanisms for publishing OA
SCOAP3 for physics content
Special deals with JINST, NIMA and IEEE for instrumentation content
PRAB for accelerator related content
CERN supports authors centrally, for occasional articles, with the payment of publication fees (APC)
Encouraging conference organizers to use OA outlet for proceedings
Sponsoring a few OA monographs per year
Library efforts

10. CERN IR 3/4 full; lessons learned
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CERN IR 3/4 full; lessons learned
Mandating and advocacy have limits:
“Top-scientists” tend to ignore both“mandating” and “mandated” librarians
Authors needs to see an immediate return from their time investment
Authors get this return (visibility, standing) by submitting to subject repositories, i.e. arXiv
Not all HEP-sub communities submit to arXiv, and we lose the content …
We observe a different situation for thesis: authors perceive that the IR offers a good preservation, and they are glad to submit theses once asked

11. Aiming for 100% OA coverage
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Aiming for 100% OA coverage
Institutional and subject repositories goes hand in hand. Ensure interoperability and co-operate to develop the services required by all the partners
Capture non-submitted papers by:
Monitoring publisher feeds
In order to be discovered publishers have a strong interest to feed subject repositories
Working with OA friendly publishers
Allowing storage of version of record on institutional web sites

12. Adds value to arXiv hep-* Index non-arXiv material
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Adds value to arXiv hep-*
Index non-arXiv material
Compiles historical material
A gateway to scientific data

13. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
• ADS now indexes 12.2M metadata records (11.4M linked)
• Its citations database contains 70M records
• ADS indexing full-text of all the major Astronomy journals
and physics content from arXiv, Elsevier, Springer, EDP Sciences, APS, AGU, AIP, SPIE. Hopefully soon: IOP, OSA, OUP, CUP, Nature, Science, PNAS
• Currently over 4M records in fulltext archive, looking to
grow to cover all peer-reviewed content currently in ADS
• Added metadata for1,100 volumes of historical literature
funded by Smithsonian grant

14. http://adswww.harvard.edu/ but not everything is available for free …
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but not
everything is
available for free …
Authors should
ensure the
availability of their
manuscripts!

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Network countries with a Registration Coordinator
Partner countries

17. A selection of relevant resources for physicists:
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A selection of relevant resources for physicists:

18. What is Open Access? Publishers and OA
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What is Open Access? Publishers and OA
The HINARI Programme
HINARI Access to Research Initiative.
Set up by WHO together with major publishers.
Enables developing countries to gain access to one of the world's largest collections of biomedical and health literature.
Over 6400 journal titles are now available to health institutions in 108 countries, areas and territories.
Benefit many thousands of health workers and researchers.
Contributes to improve world health.

19. What is Open Access? Publishers and OA
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20. Access to Research for Development and Innovation
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Access to Research for Development and Innovation
ARDI
ARDI was launched in 2009 by the World Intellectual Property Organization, in cooperation with major publishers, to assist developing countries in bridging the knowledge gap.
Currently, 31 publishers provide access to around 28,000
journals, books, and reference works for 117 developing
countries and territories through ARDI.
ARDI is a member of the Research4Life partnership

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22. A study of HEP authorship in leading journals
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J.Krause,C.M.Lindqvist,S.Mele CERN-OPEN
11326 articles
All HEP “core” journals and HEP fraction of broadband journals.
Co-authorship is taken into account on a pro-rata basis
by assigning articles to countries according to their number of authors. 22

23. Quick SCOAP3 update Publisher Journal articles
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Quick SCOAP3 update
Publisher
Journal
articles
Nuclear Physics B
612
Physics Letters B
1’610
Advances in High Energy Physics
317
Chinese Physics C 42
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
400
New Journal of Physics 15
Acta Physica Polonica B 29
Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics
138
European Physical Journal C
1’007
Journal of High Energy Physics
3’688
Articles January 1st October 10th 2015:
Share of all HEP:
7’858
>50% 23

24. ~3,000 libraries/institutions
August 2015: 46 MoUs
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45 countries/IGOs with
~3,000 libraries/institutions
Austria
Belgium
Canada
CERN
China
Chinese Taipei
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hong Kong
Hungary
IAEA
Iceland
Israel
Italy
Japan
JINR
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States of America
Memorandum of Understanding signed
Memorandum of Understanding signed via JINR

25. Supported 18’000 authors from 90 countries
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SCOAP3 Partner
Other countries with at least one SCOAP3 author
Supported 18’000 authors from 90 countries

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What is Open Access?
Publishers and OA

27. Principles of Open Access
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Principles of Open Access
Free access to everyone?
Some journals are called hybrid journals: they publish both open access and not open access articles.
Author or the related institution may have to pay for an article to be open access. This is called the author pays model.
Depending on the journal, the articles may be freely accessible right away or they may become open access later. after a certain period e.g. one year. This is called delayed open access.

28. Principles of Open Access
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Unrestricted use?
Principles of Open Access
Even Open Access, everything is not allowed!
You may access the information or material for free, but there may be restrictions and limitations how you can use that information or material and what you can do with it.
OA literature is free of charge, and usually free of most copyright and licensing restrictions. This is made possible by the consent of the author or copyright-holder.
However, the original author must at the least be credited for the work. This means usually mentionning the author either by quoting him or her, or referring appropriately to his (her) text. 28

29. Principles of Open Access
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Principles of Open Access
Free access to everyone?
Some journals seek for sponsors to make articles open access.
For example, The APS FREE TO READ Initiative:
-Since September 2006, by paying a one-time fee, anyone may make articles published in their seven journals available to all readers at no cost and without a subscription
Readers will have access to the PDF and postscript versions of the FREE TO READ articles through the APS online journals.
The fee can be paid by anyone; authors, readers, institutions, funding agencies, etc.
Any article or group of articles published in the Journals of the American Physical Society, back to 1893, can be made FREE TO READ

30. What is Open Access? Publishers and OA
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What is Open Access? Publishers and OA
Hindawi
A rapidly growing academic publisher in Egypt.
150+ Open Access journals.
All major areas of science, technology, and medicine
Book publishing program that spans all scholarly disciplines.

31. What is Open Access? Publishers and OA
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32. Gauging journals Most used, despite several limitations:
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Gauging journals
Most used, despite several limitations:
the Journal Impact Factor (Garfield, 1955) provided by Thomson Reuters.
In a given year, the impact factor of a journal is the average number of citations received per paper published in that journal during the two preceding years.
The 2016 impact factor of a journal would be calculated as follows:
A = the number of times that articles published in that journal in 2014 and 2015, were cited by articles in indexed journals during 2016.
B = the total number of "citable items" published by that
journal in 2014 and 2015.
("Citable items" are usually articles, reviews, proceedings, or notes; not editorials or letters to the editor.)
2016 impact factor = A/B.

33. Two “families of journals”
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Two “families of journals”
Subscription
Often well established
Free to publish
Limited access
Prevents text mining
Strict copyright
Open Access (OA)
Many new titles
Often “author pays”
Unlimited access
Promotes eScience
Liberal copyright
It is not necessarily “either-or”:
Many subscription journals tolerate “green OA”
Some are hybrid, both subscription and OA
Many “gold journals” do not require author fees

34. Be aware of over-kind solicitations …
11/6/2017
Be aware of over-kind solicitations …
The Beall’s list is by no means “ the absolute truth” – take it as a guideline.
In the end of the day you have to rely on your own judgment
(or seek advice from your librarian )

35. What is Open Access? Publishers and OA
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What is Open Access? Publishers and OA
Attention! Not all providers are reliable! There are hoax and traps!
The sad story of the Bentham Publishing case

36. Myths about Open Access
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II Open Access
Myths about Open Access 36

37. Myth 1: OA is not compatible with peer review.
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Myths about Open Acces
Myth 1: OA is not compatible with peer review.
Truth: There is no hinder for peer review in OA. In fact, all the major scientific and scholarly OA journals insist on its importance!

38. Myth 2: OA publishing is free of charge.
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Myths about Open Acces
Myth 2: OA publishing is free of charge.
Truth: Publishing an OA journal requires resources as does the conventional publishing. But OA literature is often less expensive to produce.

39. Myth 3: Publishing in an OA journal is always free for author.
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Myths about Open Acces
Myth 3: Publishing in an OA journal is always free for author.
Truth: This depends on the business model of the journal has chosen. Some journals charge the authors a certain fee to make their articles OA. Some other journals do not charge the authors but acquire their financement in other ways. 39

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41. A 50-year story from High-Energy Physics
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Happy to be published 
A 50-year story from High-Energy Physics
… Nobody cared about retaining copyright …
… which is obviously causing issues today
You shall avoid this mistake and still be published!

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43. https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/
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CC0 use cases

47. https://search.creativecommons.org/
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48. Sharing knowledge through Wikipedia
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49. First results of the SOAP Project (What 40’000 scientists think of you)
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Suenje Dallmeier-Tiessen, Bettina Goerner, Robert Darby, Jenni Hyppoelae,
Peter Igo-Kemenes, Deborah Kahn, Simon Lambert, Anja Lengenfelder,
Chris Leonard, Salvatore Mele, Panayiota Polydoratou, David Ross,
Sergio Ruiz-Perez, Ralf Schimmer, Mark Swaisland and Wim van der Stelt
BMC, CERN, MPDL, SAGE, Springer, STFC
Presented by
Salvatore Mele/CERN, SOAP project co-ordinator
COASP | 2nd Conference on Open Access Scholarly Publishing | Prague | August 2010 49

50. The SOAP survey Study on Open Access Publishing
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The SOAP survey Study on Open Access Publishing
Preliminary results presented at COASP - Prague - August 23rd, 2010 50

51. Distribution by country
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Distribution by country
Salvatore Mele | CERN
COASP - Prague - August 23rd, 2010 51

52. Would OA journals be beneficial for your field?
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Would OA journals be beneficial for your field?
No large differences according to seniority and number of articles
Salvatore Mele | CERN
COASP - Prague - August 23rd, 2010 52

53. Would OA journals be beneficial for your field?
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Would OA journals be beneficial for your field?
Yes
Salvatore Mele | CERN
COASP - Prague - August 23rd, 2010 53

54. Was there a reason not to publish OA?
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Was there a reason not to publish OA?
42% have a reason; >4000 answers; 60’000 words
Salvatore Mele | CERN
COASP - Prague - August 23rd, 2010 54

55. How easy was it to obtain funds?
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How easy was it to obtain funds?
Salvatore Mele | CERN
COASP - Prague - August 23rd, 2010 55

56. Watch the lecture: http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1345337
Prof. Lawrence Lessig, Harvard Univ.: “CERN has taken the lead in supporting Open Access”
11/6/2017
Watch the lecture:

57. Truths about Open Access
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Truths about Open Access
Open Access in not about making scholarly literature costless, but to find out and exploit better ways to pay the publishing costs than by charging readers and thus creating access barriers!

58. Truths about Open Access
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Truths about Open Access
Open Acces is not equal to e-science
BUT
e-science will require
Open Access!