1. 大学英语 实用阅读(上)
Unit 7

2. Unit 7
Text:
Merchants of Death: Cigarette makers are seducing a generation of young Asian women
Supplementary Reading:
Humans Were Born to Run, Fossil Study Suggests

3. 大学英语 实用阅读(上)
Text: Merchants of Death: Cigarette makers are seducing a generation of young Asian women

4. Overview Lead-in Questions Vocabulary Comprehension
Post-reading Discussions
Expanding Your Creativity

5. Lead-in Questions:
1. Do you smoke, or have you ever smoked? If you do, what motivated you to smoke in the first place?
2. To what extent were you or are teenagers today attracted to smoking by the glossy advertising done by tobacco companies to make smoking appear “cool” and the “In” thing to do to be accepted as being “With It” in you generation’s culture?

6. Vocabulary: find out the meaning of the italicized words
1. Cigarette makers are seducing a generation of young Asian women.
 To tempt someone to do something by making it seem very attractive; allure; entice; attract; tempt; ensnare
2.   On Jonker Street in Malacca, Malaysia, teenage girls flock to a free fashion show that includes performances by popular “boy” bands.
 To go to some place in large numbers because something interesting or exciting is happening there; swarm; herd; congregate

7. 3.  Recently, tobacco companies have used the same marketing tactics that helped persuade previous generations of women in Western countries to take up smoking.
 Methods that are use to achieve something
4. The major global cigarette makers involved in this campaign include Philip Morris, whose Marlboro brand is the world’s best-selling.
 A series of actions intended to achieve a particular result relating to politics or business

8. 5. It is about brands; retaining brand loyalty of our customers, and winning them over from competing brands.
To keep something or continue to have something
6. Dr. David Yen, president of the John Tung Foundation, an anti-tobacco group in Taiwan, dismisses this defense, calling it nonsense.
 To refuse to accept someone's idea, opinion

9. 7. It was blocked by a powerful coalition of tobacco growers, politicians and Japan Tobacco, which is mostly owned by the Finance Ministry.
 A group of people who join together to achieve a particular purpose
8. The WHO forecasts that 500 million women, most of them in developing countries, will begin smoking in the next generation.
To predict something that is likely to happen in the future, based on the information that you have now

10. Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
1. What are the messages cigarette makers want to convey?
a.  Smoking is actually not unhealthy.
b.  People should start to smoke when they are teenagers.
c. Smoking represents independence and new life style c

11. c 2. What can be inferred from those messages?
a.    Women should smoke more than men.
b. Cigarette makers are changing people’s lifestyle.
c. Some characteristics which are traditionally reserved to men are now cherished by women. c

12. 3. Many anti-cigarette researchers believe that cigarette advertisements are doing more harm than good mainly because ___________.
a. it is not right for cigarette makers to retain their brand
b.   those advertisement are targeting teenagers
c.   the advertisement are badly designed b

13. 4. Which of the following is NOT the reason many teenage girls smoke according to this article?
a.  The desire to look like men.
b.  The desire to become wealthy
c. The desire to feel sophisticated, and independent a

14. b 5. What does “brand stretching” mean in this article?
a Cigarette companies enter other fields like fashion, music, and sports to make more money by selling a variety of goods.
b. Cigarette companies enter other fields like fashion, music, and sports to remind people of their cigarette products.
c.  Cigarette companies sponsors concerts, dances, and sports games. b

15. 6. Why it is so hard for many countries to enforce stricter controls on tobacco companies?
a. Because many countries largely depend on those companies paying taxes.
b.  Because many companies have found new way to “stretch their brands”.
c. Because many of these companies are state owned. a

16. 7. Cigarette makers are optimistic about the future because _______.
a.  their advertisements are well-received
b. they will have more and more women consumers
c. they will gain better support from the government. b

17. 8. Which of the following are NOT potential dangerous consequences of female smoking?
a.   birth of unhealthy babies.
b.  diseases like lung cancer and heart disease.
c. states getting more revenue c

18. Facts or Opinion? F
1.     [ ] More and more women in Asian countries are taking up smoking.
2.     [ ] These young women in Taiwan, China and Malaysia represent the current targets of cigarette companies.
3.      [ ] Most cigarettes in China, Korea, Taiwan, Thailand and Japan are sold by state-owned or state-controlled enterprises. O F

19. 4.   [ ] Many cigarette advertisements are specially designed for young women who are emerging from secondary roles and are not only entering the paid workforce, but also getting jobs once reserved for men – and earning more money.
5.    [ ] Many Asian nations have restricted tobacco advertising. O F

20. 6. [ ] Cigarettes are the largest source of government revenue in many Asian countries.
7.  [ ] An increasing acceptance of women smoking will continue to generate new demand for cigarette in the future.
8. [ ] Smoking will induces certain undetermined consequences on health, income, the fetus and the family F O O

21. Find main ideas
Finish the exercises on page 131 and check your answers on page 143

22. Post-reading Discussions
1. Can you give an example to illustrate cigarette manufacturers' tactic of “brand stretching”?
2. Is there any validity to the argument that smoking in fact makes a person more sophisticated and “cool” or even independent? State your opinion and give examples.

23. 3. Discuss the extent to which more teenage girls are smoking today to bolster their low self-esteem than to receive any benefit from smoking itself. Perhaps some smokers in the class would like to discuss why and what benefit they obtain from smoking.
4. What intervention methods do you think can be introduced at the family level or in primary school to help deter youngsters to not try smoking?

24. 5. Can you suggest intervention techniques that might be used in High schools, Universities and labor factories that might help people to stop or not start smoking?

25. Expanding Your Creativity
1. Carry out a research in your school to find out how many girls smoke and their reasons. Develop a well-organized questionnaire with your teacher and hand in a written report
2. If you want to, you may carry out a comparative study. Consult with your teacher and try to work out a valid research questionnaire to study different smokers' reasons for smoking. What are the notable differences or similarities between teenagers and adults? Include in the questionnaire the age at which each smoker began to smoke regularly.

26. Supplementary ReadingF
Humans Were Born to Run, Fossil Study Suggests

27. Choose the best answer
1. According to this passage, which was conventionally been believed as the most transforming event in human history?
a.       walking
b.      running
c. living in the tree a

28. 2. What does the italicized words mean in "We are very confident that strong selection for running—which came at the expense of the historical ability to live in trees—was instrumental in the origin of the modern human body form,"
a.   With the development of running, human beings no longer have the ability to live in trees.
b.    The ability to live in trees was actually more precious than the ability to run.
c. When humans lost the ability to live in trees, the ability to run came to replace it. a

29. 3. Bramble believes human running ability is underestimated because __________.
a.      we could actually run faster than most animals
b.    although the speed is not extremely high, we could run for a long time
c animals like pronghorn could run at 40 miles an hour b

30. 4. Why there is very little observational study of the hunters’ behavior?
a.   Because scientists do not need such evidences.
b.      Because they could run so fast.
c. Because nowadays there are few such hunters in the world. b

31. c 5. We can conclude from this passage that _____________.
a.    if today’s apes jog more, they also have the potential for evolving into humans.
b.    it was running that changed the ancient apes into human beings.
c. we could try to jog more since we are born this way. c

32. Answer the questions in your own words
1. What evidences suggest that humans are born to run?
Long legs, the Achilles tendon, the longitudinal large buttocks, arch of the foot, relatively large joint surfaces in the lower body, broader shoulders, a narrower waist, and shorter forearms balanced head, flatter face, and smaller teeth and nose.

33. 2. Why did ancient humans run?
To pursue animals, to reach dead mammals before other scavengers

34. The End. Thank You!