1. Thermodynamic Profiling in the Boundary Layer from the AERIs at the PISA Sites
Dave Turner
NOAA
PECAN Science Workshop
Norman, Oklahoma
19-21 September 2016

2. Background
PECAN integrated sounding array (PISA) stations were unique component of the PECAN field experiment
Desire to have thermodynamic and wind profiling remote sensors at each PISA site for high temporal resolution observations
Also launched radiosondes at these sites at periodically during IOPs
Various universities and EOL contributed to each PISA
My objective was to have consistent profiling capability at each site, if possible
DOE’s ARM program provided AERI instruments at each PISA for thermodynamic profiling
Ultimately, all 6 FPs and 2 (of 4) MPs had AERIs in them

3. Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI)
Measures downwelling IR spectra at high temporal and spectral resolution (30 s, 1 cm-1)
Invented by Univ Wisconsin – Madison
Hardened, automated instrument; self-calibrating
Commercially available
25 µm
7.1 µm
10 µm
15 µm
Radiance [mW / (m2 sr cm-1)]
Wavelength [µm]
SGP, 8 Jul 2003
PWV: 48.0 mm
NSA, 1 Mar 2004
PWV: 1.3 mm

4. FP Locations FP4: Minden FP5: Brewster FP3: Ellis FP6: Hesston
FP2: Greensburg
FP1: ARM SGP Site

5. MP1: CLAMPS MP3: SPARC OU / NSSL AERI, DL, MWR, tower, sondes
Univ Wisc – Madison
AERI, DL, HSRL, tower, sonde

6. AERIoe Data Availability per Day
FP2: Greensburg
FP3: Ellis
FP4: Minden
FP5: Brewster
FP6: Hesston
MP1: CLAMPS (2-min)
MP3: SPARC

7. AERIoe Data Availability per Day
FP2: Greensburg
FP3: Ellis
FP4: Minden
FP5: Brewster
FP6: Hesston
MP1: CLAMPS (2-min)
MP3: SPARC

8. AERIoe Data Availability per Day
FP2: Greensburg
FP3: Ellis
FP4: Minden
FP5: Brewster
FP6: Hesston
MP1: CLAMPS (2-min)
MP3: SPARC

9. AERIoe Data Availability per Day
FP2: Greensburg
FP3: Ellis
FP4: Minden
FP5: Brewster
FP6: Hesston
MP1: CLAMPS (2-min)
MP3: SPARC

10. AERIoe Data Availability per Day
Abnormal oscillation found in FP1 System – still working to resolve this
FP2: Greensburg
FP3: Ellis
FP4: Minden
FP5: Brewster
FP6: Hesston
MP1: CLAMPS (2-min)
MP3: SPARC

11. Two Versions of the Retrieval Algorithm
Need to retrieve thermodynamic profiles from the AERI-observed infrared radiance
Ill-posed problem (e.g., multiple solutions can yield obs)
Original version in EOL archive: Release 1.5
Noted some cases when retrieved profiles were aphysical
Decided to use additional observations to better constrain solution
New version in EOL archive: Release 2.2
Algorithm improvements
Uses surface humidity measurement and RAP model “observation”; the latter constrains the middle-and-upper troposphere
Full error characterization for each retrieved profile in output file!

12. AERIoe Retrieval vs. Sonde
AERIoe v2.2
AERIoe v1.5

13. AERIoe Retrieval vs. Sonde
AERIoe v2.2
AERIoe v1.5

14. AERIoe Example from Ellis

15. AERIoe Example from Ellis

16. Comparison with Sondes

17. Examples vs. Sondes
Sonde
AERIoe v1.5
AERIoe v2.2

18. Summary AERIs were deployed at all FPs and 2 MPs
AERIoe retrievals performed at each site
Retrievals for FP2, FP3, FP4, FP5, FP6, MP1, and MP3 in EOL data archive
Instrument issues still need to be resolved at ARM SGP (FP1)
Two versions of algorithm; please use Release 2.2
Temporal resolution in archive is 5 min for most sites
Can reprocess to have maximum temporal resolution of 30-s, if desired (useful for rapidly changing events like bores)
If you use AERIoe retrievals from FPs, please credit DOE!
If any questions about these data (accuracy, resolution, uncertainties, etc) please contact me.