1. Lesson 3
Cohesion: follow up

2. The sorting hat

3. Cohesive devices for setting description
THE SORTING HAT
Harry had never even imagined such a strange and splendid place. It was lit by thousands and thousands of candles which were floating in mid-air over four long tables, where the rest of the students were sitting. These tables were laid with glittering golden plates and goblets. (..) The hundreds of faces staring at them looked like pale lanterns in the flickering candlelight. Dotted here and there among the students, the ghosts shone misty silver. (..) Harry looked upwards and saw a velvety black ceiling dotted with stars. (..) It was hard to believe there was a ceiling there at all, and that the Great Hall didn’t simply open on to the heavens.
(From Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone by J.K. Rowling)

4. Lit, candles, glittering golden, pale lanterns, flickering
candlelight, shone misty silver = all items in the lexical string
contribute to the construction of the same semantic field of
‘light’, they are collocates
Ceiling-ceiling, Harry-Harry, students-students = repetitions
Tables-plates and goblets = superordinate term and co-hyponyms
Ceiling-Great Hall = meronymy (part and whole)
Stars-heavens = collocates
Such a strange and splendid place-the Great Hall = reference (pro-form: pre-determiner)
Adapted from: Functional Grammar: An Introduction for the EFL student. A coursebook, by Maria Freddi

5. 2. Coherence
concerns the ways in which the components of the textual world, i.e. the configuration of concepts and relations which underlie the surface text are mutually accessible and relevant. ...
cohesion = connectivity of the surface
coherence = connectivity of underlying contents