1. Splash Screen

2. Section 2: People and Their Environment
Introduction
Section 1: The Economy
Section 2: People and Their Environment
Visual Summary
Chapter Menu

3. Most of Latin America’s people live in cities, yet most of the region’s countries rely heavily on agriculture. Latin America today faces the challenge of developing modern, industrial economies that promote regional and global trade, but do not destroy its natural resources.
Chapter Intro 1

4. Section 1: The Economy
Patterns of economic interdependence vary among the world’s countries. The economies of most Latin American countries still depend on agriculture, but many of the region’s countries are trying to develop their economies by promoting trade within the region and with the rest of the world.
Chapter Intro 2

5. Section 2: People and Their Environment
Changes occur in the use, distribution, and importance of natural resources. Rapidly increasing human populations and consumer demand for natural resources place tremendous stress on these resources and pose serious challenges for the preservation of rain forests in Latin America.
Chapter Intro 3

6. Chapter Preview-End

7. The Economy
Latin America has promoted economic development through trade within the region and with the rest of the world.
Section 1-GTR

8. The Economy export gross domestic product (GDP) service industry
maquiladora
free trade zone
campesino
latifundia
minifundia
cash crop
developing country
Section 1-GTR

9. The Economy
distributed
reliable
overall
Section 1-GTR

10. The Economy A. Guatemala B. Colombia C. Honduras D. Ciudad Juárez
E. Tijuana
F. Dominican Republic
Section 1-GTR

11. The Economy
What industries have been crucial to the Caribbean economy?
A. Manufacturing
B. Agriculture
C. Service A B C
Section 1

12. Economic Activities
Latin America’s economic development has been affected by many factors, including physical geography.
Latin America struggles with:
Unevenly distributed farmland between a small group of wealthy landowners and a much larger group of campesinos
Share in Total Latin American Exports, 2005
Section 1

13. Economic Activities (cont.)
Economic inequality
Dependence upon export products, such as bananas, sugarcane, and coffee
Industrial growth, which is limited by physical features such as the Andes
Economic Activity in Latin America
Section 1

14. Economic Activities (cont.)
Positive factors in Latin America:
Suitable region for growing cash crops
Many developing countries
Service industries are diversifying.
Section 1

15. Most of the region’s countries depend on which type of industry to supply a major portion of their incomes?
A. Service industries
B. Manufacturing
C. Technology
D. Agriculture A B C D
Section 1

16. Transportation and Communications
Latin American countries are working to improve transportation and communications systems necessary for economic development.
Latin America’s physical geography affects transportation and communications.
Transportation—roads and railroads must often cross many physical barriers.
Section 1

17. Transportation and Communications (cont.)
The Pan-American highway is a good road system, however.
Some countries have well-developed rail systems.
Inland waterways are very important.
Air travel will help as it becomes more affordable.
Transportation Networks
Section 1

18. Transportation and Communications (cont.)
Communications—Latin America’s communications networks include newspapers, radio, and television, but are often censored by governments during political unrest.
Internet use is expected to grow rapidly.
Section 1

19. Which of the following is an inland waterway in Latin America?
A. The Danube River
B. The Colorado River
C. The Panama Canal
D. The Nile A B C D
Section 1

20. Trade and Interdependence
Many Latin American countries developed their economies by promoting trade and decreasing foreign debts.
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)—trade among Mexico, the U.S., and Canada increased 10–15% annually after the agreement was implemented, but the agreement has been controversial in general.
Section 1

21. Trade and Interdependence (cont.)
CAFTA (Central American Free Trade Agreement)—the U.S. and six Central American countries signed this agreement into law in 2005, hoping to lower trade barriers.
Many Latin American countries are still repaying the debt to foreign banks from funds borrowed in the ‘60s and ‘70s, which is hindering needed domestic programs.
Mexican Exports to the United States
Section 1

22. What affect has NAFTA had on Mexico since it was implemented?
A. Exports have increased.
B. International investment has decreased.
C. Number of jobs has remained the same. A B C
Section 1

23. Section 1-End

24. People and Their Environment
This section discusses the importance of natural resources in Latin America and the challenges the region faces in preserving these resources as human populations, urbanization, and industrialization continue to increase.
Section 2-GTR

25. People and Their Environment
deforestation
reforestation
shantytown
sustainable development
slash-and-burn farming
apparent
conflict
available
Section 2-GTR

26. People and Their Environment
A. Costa Rica
B. Santiago
C. Montserrat
Section 2-GTR

27. People and Their Environment
Latin America’s physical geography makes the region vulnerable to what?
A. Guerilla warfare
B. Natural disasters
C. Deforestation A B C
Section 2

28. Managing Resources
Latin America is working to protect the environment while facing rapid urbanization and growing human needs.
The rain forests in Latin America are disappearing as a result of deforestation.
Section 2

29. Managing Resources (cont.)
The land is being used for:
Farming
Ranching
Timber and other products
Section 2

30. Managing Resources (cont.)
The destruction of rainforests leads to the loss of:
Biologically rich ecosystems/biodiversity.
Key medicines and treatments for cancer and other diseases.
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Section 2

31. Managing Resources (cont.)
Helpful actions:
New methods of farming, mining, and logging
Conservation
Responsible tourism
Reforestation
Section 2

32. Most of the remaining expanses of rainforests are located in which country?
A. Brazil
B. Guyana
C. Ecuador
D. Peru A B C D
Section 2

33. Human Impact
Rapid urbanization and industrial growth have placed tremendous stress on available natural resources in Latin America.
Problems due to rapid urbanization:
Insufficient jobs or housing for many people
Natural disasters can wipe out entire communities.
Section 2

34. Human Impact (cont.) Unsanitary areas and the spread of disease
Air pollution
Section 2

35. Human Impact (cont.) Problems due to industrial growth:
Air and water pollution
Urban Growth in Latin America
Section 2

36. Harvested rain forest products are used by the United States for what?
A. Flooring
B. Medicines
C. Crops A B C
Section 2

37. Future Challenges
Latin America faces many international challenges, including conflicts over natural resources and preparing for natural disasters.
During the past 150 years, Latin America has faced a number of territorial conflicts over strategic locations or rights to valuable natural resources.
Section 2

38. Future Challenges (cont.)
Latin American governments are cooperating in order to forecast:
Hurricanes
Volcanic eruptions
Border Conflicts and Natural Resources
Section 2

39. A. By developing treaties B. By bringing in armies
How are international investors encouraging Latin American countries to end border disputes?
A. By developing treaties
B. By bringing in armies
C. Offering economic incentives
D. Offering to relocate their companies into that region A B C D
Section 2

40. Section 2-End

41. An Open Economy
Latin America has gradually opened up its economy to outside investment from businesses and countries around the world.
Through the NAFTA and CAFTA trade agreements, barriers to trade have been reduced in Mexico and Central America.
Although opening the market has brought in many jobs, critics say many of those jobs are dangerous.
Many Latin American countries have also accepted loans that they are unable to repay, causing their economies to stagnate.
VS 1

42. Population Pressures
VS 2

43. VS-End

44. Figure 1

45. Figure 2

46. Figure 3

47. Figure 4

48. Figure 5

49. Figure 6

50. DFS Trans 1

51. DFS Trans 2

52. export
a commodity sent from one country to another for purposes of trade
Vocab1

53. campesino
farm worker; generally, people who live and work in rural areas
Vocab2

54. latifundia
in Latin America, large agricultural estates owned by families or corporations
Vocab3

55. minifundia
in Latin America, small farms that produce food chiefly for family use
Vocab4

56. cash crop
farm products grown to be sold or traded rather than used by the farm family
Vocab5

57. developing country country in the process of becoming industrialized
Vocab6

58. gross domestic product (GDP)
the value of goods and services created within a country in a year
Vocab7

59. service industry
business that provides a service instead of making goods
Vocab8

60. maquiladora in Mexico, a manufacturing plant set up by a foreign firm
Vocab9

61. free trade zone
an area of a country in which trade restrictions do not apply
Vocab10

62. deforestation
the loss or destruction of forests, mainly for logging or farming
Vocab11

63. sustainable development
technological and economic growth that does not deplete the human and natural resources of a given area
Vocab12

64. slash-and-burn farming
traditional farming method in which all trees and plants in an area are cut and burned to add nutrients to the soil
Vocab13

65. reforestation
planting young trees or seeds on lands where trees have been cut or destroyed
Vocab14

66. shantytown
a makeshift community on the edge of a city
Vocab15

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