1. 2017 Modern South Asia PowerPoint
Political Issues

2. Chapter 25 India

3. Religious Conflict and Terrorism in India

4. Religious Conflict and Terrorism in India
Since the 1947 Partition of India and Pakistan, there has been religious tensions in India between the Hindus and Muslims and the Hindus and Sikhs.
Examples of Terrorism Between Hindus and Muslims in India:
Muslim separatist groups begin campaign of violence in Kashmir.
Hindu extremists demolish mosque in Ayodhya, triggering widespread Hindu- Muslim violence.
2001 December - India imposes sanctions against Pakistan, to force it to take action against two Kashmir militant groups blamed for the suicide attack on parliament. Pakistan retaliates with similar sanctions, and bans the groups in January.
2002 February - Inter-religious bloodshed breaks out after 59 Hindu pilgrims returning from Ayodhya are killed in a train fire in Godhra, Gujarat. More than 1,000 people, mainly Muslims, die in subsequent violence. Police and officials blamed the fire on a Muslim mob, but a 2005 government investigation said it was an accident. In 2012 a court convicts 32 people over the Naroda Patiya riots in Ahmedabad.
July - More than 180 people are killed in bomb attacks on rush-hour trains in Mumbai. Investigators blame Islamic militants based in Pakistan.

5. 1992 Destruction of Mosque

6. 1992 Riots

7. Examples of Religious Terrorism in India between Hindus and Muslims
2007 May - At least nine people are killed in a bomb explosion at the main mosque in Hyderabad. Several others are killed in subsequent rioting.
2008 July - Series of explosions kills 49 in Ahmedabad, in Gujarat state. The little-known militant Islamist group Indian Mujahideen claims responsibility.
2008 November - Nearly 200 people are killed and hundreds injured in a series of co-ordinated attacks by gunmen on the main tourist and business area of India's financial capital Mumbai. India blames militants from Pakistan for the attacks and demands that Islamabad act against those responsible.
2010 September - Allahabad High Court rules that the disputed holy site of Ayodhya should be divided between Hindus and Muslims; the destruction of a mosque on the site by Hindu extremists in 1992 led to rioting in which about 2,000 people died.

8. 2008 Mumbai Attacks

9. Examples of Religious Terrorism Between Hindus and Sikhs in India
The tensions between the Hindus and Sikhs have resulted in:
Troops storm Golden Temple - Sikhs' most holy shrine - to flush out Sikh militants pressing for self-rule.
Indira Gandhi assassinated by Sikh bodyguards, following which her son, Rajiv, takes over.

11. Nuclear Weapons---India and Pakistan

12. Have To Go To YouTube To Watch
How Powerful Is India?
Seeker Daily
Published on Oct 17, 2014
Running Time of 3:23 Minutes
India is the second most populated country in the world, but a headcount like that doesn't necessarily mean they possess formidable military force. So how much power does India really have? Is this rapidly growing nation a threat to other countries?

13. Have To Go To YouTube To Watch
How Powerful Is Pakistan?
Seeker Daily
Published on Mar 30, 2015
Running Time of 3:12 Minutes
Pakistan is the only Muslim country to possess nuclear weapons technology and has become a relevant player in international politics. So, just how powerful is Pakistan?

14. Chapter 26 Pakistan and Bangladesh

15. Civil War between Pakistan and Bangladesh

16. Causes of Civil War
They were separated by nearly 1,600 km of Indian land, spoke different languages (Urdu in the West, Bangla in the East) and had different cultural histories.
As the capital city was in West Pakistan, the East thought that the country was being unfairly ruled.
Finally, the government declared that 'Urdu and only Urdu' would be the national language of all Pakistan.
This was a language that virtually no one in East Pakistan spoke.

17. Over 1,000 miles between the 2 regions
Muslim, but different cultures
The West area dominated the political ways of the country.
Split into Pakistan & Bangladesh 1971

18. Challenges in South Asia
The history of other nations in South Asia has been as turbulent as that of India. Today, those nations face a range of challenges.
1947, Pakistan created in two parts, West and East
Separate areas, deep differences in language, religion, culture
Government policies, spending favored West, East remained poor
Civil War in Pakistan
1971, East Pakistan decided to seek independence
Pakistani government responded with armed force
Civil war followed, thousands of people died
India Joins the Battle
After India sent troops to support East Pakistan, Pakistan was forced to accept the independence of the East—now called Bangladesh.

19. The Guinness Book of Records lists the Bangladesh Genocide as one of the top 5 genocides in the 20th century.

20. Have To Go To YouTube To Watch
Why Do Pakistan And Bangladesh Hate Each Other?
Seeker Daily
Published on Jan 24, 2016
Running Time of 2:53 Minutes
Pakistan and Bangladesh have had rocky relations since Britain ended its rule in the region in So why don't the countries get along?

21. Current State of Pakistan and Bangladesh

22. Bangladesh and Pakistan
One of poorest, most densely populated countries in the world
Only a few feet above sea level, devastating floods, storms often sweep across country, killing many, leading to widespread famine
Series of governments since independence
Now trying to build stable democracy
Troubles in Bangladesh
Pakistan has also faced instability since civil war
Ethnic, religious conflicts common
Disagreements about role of Islam in government
Many leaders have taken power; some elected, some through military coups
Instability in Pakistan

23. Pakistani Government and History of Political Instability

24. Politics
Pakistan goes back and forth from being a democracy and being ruled by a military dictator after a coup.
Pakistani politics have a tradition of being underhanded, violent, and volatile.

25. A Pattern of Instability
Many different governments rule Pakistan, non achieve stability
Benazir Bhutto leads Pakistan in 1980s and 1990s but is ousted. The military now rules.
Bhutto is assassinated in 2007.
U.S. President George W. Bush condemned the assassination in a 27 December press conference.

26. Pakistan Politics Jinnah (1947)>>
<<Zulfikar Bhutto ( )
Benazir Bhutto>> ( , 93-96)
Sharif ( , 97-99)
Zardari (now)
<< Musharraf ( )

27. History of Pakistan’s Political Leaders
1948: Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founding father of Pakistan, dies
1951: Jinnah’s successor, Liaquat Ali Khan is assassinated.
1956: Constitution proclaims Pakistan as Islamic Republic.
1958: General Ayyub Khan becomes president.
1969: General Yahya Khan takes over in a coup.
1973: Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (Benazir’s father) becomes PM.
1979: General Zia ul-Haq overthrows and hangs Bhutto in a military coup & becomes president. Daughter Benazir goes into exile, returns in 1986.
1988: Gen. Zia dies in mysterious plane crash. Bhutto’s Pakistan’s Peoples Party wins election & she becomes PM.
1990: Benazir Bhutto is dismissed as PM on charges of incompetence & corruption.

28. History of Pakistan’s Leaders Continued
1991: PM Nawaz Sharif begins economic liberalization.
1993: PM Sharif resigns under pressure from military. General election brings Bhutto back to power.
1996: President Leghari dismisses Bhutto’s government amid corruption allegations.
1996: Nawaz Sharif returns as PM after his Pakistan Muslim League wins elections.
1999: Bhutto and her husband are convicted of corruption and sentenced. Benazir flees to exile. Later that year Sharif is overthrown by General Pervez Musharraf in a military coup.
2002: Musharraf grants himself new powers including the right to dismiss parliament.
2007: Bhutto’s and Sharif’s parties protest Musharraf. Musharraf takes over media and communication networks.
2008: Musharraf forced to step down in face of impeachment
2011: Musharraf indicted for assassination of Benazir Bhutto

29. Threat of Taliban to Pakistan

30. Taliban Connections Rooted in Pakistan
The Taliban emerged as a powerful movement in late 1994 when Pakistan chose the Taliban to guard a convoy trying to open a trade route from Pakistan to Central Asia.
With Pakistan providing weapons, military training, and financial support, the Taliban gained control over several Afghan cities and successfully captured Kabul in September 1996

31. Taliban Connections to Pakistan
Pakistani support for the Taliban is based on strong religious and ethnic bonds between the Taliban and Pakistan, especially with the tribal areas on the North-West borders of Pakistan.
Most of the Taliban’s leaders were educated in refugee camps in Pakistan where they had escaped the Soviet invasion.
Taliban militants are Sunni Muslim Pashtuns, and Pashtuns constitute thirteen percent of the total population of Pakistan.
Pashtuns dominate the Pakistani military and are concentrated in the North-West Frontier province, which was the command center for the Mujahedeen groups fighting the Soviet troops and a major destination for the Afghan refugees

32. Pakistani Taliban Numbers
There are about 40 militant groups with a combined membership between 30,000 and 35,000.
They are decentralized and do not always agree.
They use social networks to recruit, raise funds, and to harass people.

33. Have To Go To YouTube To Watch
What Does The Taliban Want In Pakistan?
Seeker Daily
Published on Jan 8, 2015
Running Time of 3:10 Minutes
Last month, the Pakistani Taliban attacked a school in Peshawar and killed 132 children. This is one of the largest attacks the nation has ever seen. Who are the Pakistani Taliban and what exactly are their motives?

34. Taliban and Malala

35. Malala

36. Malala was born July 12th 1997 in Mingora, Pakistan
Malala was born July 12th in Mingora, Pakistan. She lived with her parents who later had two sons.
For the first few years of her life, her hometown remained a popular tourist spot that was known for its summer festivals.
However, the area began to change as the Taliban tried to take control.

37. In the area Malala lived, known as the Swat Valley, the Taliban, at times, banned girls from attending school.
Malala spoke out for the right of children, of girls in a place where some people believe that girls should not go to school.
She attended a school that her father had founded.
After the Taliban began attacking girls' schools in Swat, Malala gave a speech in Peshawar, Pakistan, in September 2008.
The title of her talk was, "How dare the Taliban take away my basic right to education?"

38. In 2009, Malala begin to write a blog under a different name
In 2009, Malala begin to write a blog under a different name. She wrote about life under the Taliban rule and shared her views on promoting education for girls.
As a result of the World Wide Web, she gained interest from all around the world.
Malala began to rise in prominence and gave interviews. She took on the role of chairperson of the District Child Assembly Swat.

39. On the 9th October 2012, aged 15, Malala was shot by the Taliban whilst returning home on the school bus. Malala was immediately airlifted to Pesawar where they removed the bullet from near her spinal cord.
She was later taken to a hospital in London for further treatment.
In the days after the attack, she was in a critical condition but later her she began to make a good recovery.

40. Malala was awarded the International Peace Prize of 2014.
Malala said, having been awarded the prize, “My message to children all around the world is that they should stand up for their rights.”

41. Have To Go To YouTube To Watch
Malala Yousafzai, 16, and Her Miraculous Story of Surviving Being Shot by the Taliban
ABC News
Published on Oct 11, 2013
Running Time of 4:40 Minutes
Youngest nominee of the Nobel Peace Prize was shot in the head fighting for girls' education.