1. Mitten – CSHS AMAZ History – Semester 1
Puritan New England – Sect. 3 Settlement Middle Colonies – Sect. 4 Chapter 2
Mitten – CSHS
AMAZ History – Semester 1

2. Puritans Create a “New England”
Puritans and Pilgrims
Puritans, religious group, want to purify the Church of England
Separatists, including Pilgrims, form independent congregations
In 1620, Pilgrims flee to escape persecution, found Plymouth Colony
The Massachusetts Bay Company
In 1630, joint-stock company founds Massachusetts Bay Colony
John Winthrop is Puritan colony’s first governor

3. Creating a “New England”
“City Upon a Hill”
Puritan adult males vote for General Court; Court chooses governor
Church and State
Civic officials are church members, have duty to do God’s will
There is no separation of church and state
Importance of the Family
Puritans generally migrate as families
Community makes sure family members behave in “God fearing” way

4. Dissent in the Puritan Community
The Founding of Providence
Roger Williams – extreme Separatists minister with controversial views
General Court orders his arrest; Williams flees
In 1636 he founds colony of Providence
negotiates for land with Narragansett tribe
guarantees separation of church and state, religious freedom
Anne Hutchinson Banished
Anne Hutchinson teaches church, ministers are unnecessary
Hutchinson banished 1638, followers leave colony
At twenty-one, Anne Marbury married William Hutchinson and began bearing the first of their fourteen children. The Hutchinsons became adherents of the preaching and teachings of John Cotton, a Puritan minister who left England for America. In 1634, the Hutchinson family followed Cotton to New England, where religious and political authority overlapped.
Serving as a skilled herbalist and midwife in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Anne Hutchinson began meeting with other women for prayer and religious discussion. Her charisma and intelligence soon also drew men, including ministers and magistrates, to her gatherings, where she developed an emphasis on the individual's relationship with God, stressing personal revelation over institutionalized observances and absolute reliance on God's grace rather than on good works as the means to salvation. Hutchinson's views challenged religious orthodoxy, while her growing power as a female spiritual leader threatened established gender roles.
Called for a civil trial before the General Court of Massachusetts in November 1637, Hutchinson ably defended herself against charges that she had defamed the colony's ministers and as a woman had dared to teach men. Her extensive knowledge of Scripture, her eloquence, and her intelligence allowed Hutchinson to debate with more skill than her accusers. Yet because Hutchinson claimed direct revelation from God and argued that "laws, commands, rules, and edicts are for those who have not the light which makes plain the pathway," she was convicted and banished from the colony, a sentence confirmed along with formal excommunication in the ecclesiastical trial that followed.
Refusing to recant, Hutchinson accepted exile and in 1638 migrated with her family to Roger Williams' new colony of Rhode Island, where she helped found the town of Portsmouth. After her husband died in 1642, Hutchinson moved to Dutch territory near Long Island Sound (an area now known as Co-op City, along New York's Hutchinson River Parkway, which is named for Anne Hutchinson). There in 1643 Hutchinson and all but one of her younger children were killed by Siwanoy Indians, possibly with the encouragement of Puritan authorities. "Proud Jezebel has at last been cast down," was the supposed comment of Hutchinson's nemesis, Massachusetts Governor John Winthrop.

5. Native Americans Resist
Disputes Over Land
Natives think land treaties temporary, Europeans think permanent
The Pequot War
Pequot War – Pequot takes stand against colonists, nearly destroyed
King Philip’s War
Deprived of land, natives work for English, must follow Puritan laws
Wampanoag chief Metacom organizes tribes to wipe out settlers (1675)
King Philip’s War fierce, hunger, disease, casualties defeat tribes

6. Settlement of the Middle Colonies
Dutch Found New Netherland - Sect. 4
A Diverse Colony
In 1621, the Dutch West India Company colonizes New Netherland
Settlers from other European countries and Africa welcomed
Dutch trade for furs with Native Americans
English Takeover
In 1664, Duke of York becomes proprietor (owner) of New Netherland
renames colony New York
later gives part of land to friends, names it New Jersey

7. Quakers Settle Pennsylvania
Penn’s “Holy Experiment”
In 1681, William Penn founds Pennsylvania on Quaker principles
Quaker ideas: equality, cooperation, religious tolerance, pacifism
Pennsylvania meant to be a “holy experiment”
adult males get 50 acres, right to vote, representative assembly, freedom of religion
Native American Relations
Penn treats native people fairly; over 50 years without conflict

8. Quakers Settle Pennsylvania
A Thriving Colony
Penn recruits immigrants, thousands of Germans go to Pennsylvania
Quakers become minority; slavery is introduced
Thirteen Colonies
Lord Baltimore, a Catholic, founds Maryland; has religious freedom
James Ogelthorpe founds Georgia as haven for debtors
By 1752, there are 13 British colonies in North America