1. Chapter 2
Computer Hardware

2. Leaning Objective Read the book(CD) Pre Assessment Quiz
TRY OUT-How powerful is your computer?
Chapter 1: Computers and Digital Basics

3. Chapter Contents Section A: Personal Computer Basics
Section B: Microprocessors and Memory
Section C: Storage Devices
Section D: Input and Output Devices
Section E: Hardware Security
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

4. Personal Computer Basics
Personal Computer Systems
Desktop and Portable Computers
Home, Media, Game, and Small Business Systems
Buying Computer System Components
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

5. What’s a personal computer system?
What’s a PC?
What’s a personal computer system?
What are the components of a typical personal computer system?
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

6. Personal Computer Systems
Figure 2-1
So, where does the actual computing happen?
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

7. Desktop and Portable Computers
“Form follows function”
The term form factor refers to the size and dimensions of a component, such as a system board or system unit
A desktop computer fits on a desk and runs on power from an electrical wall outlet
How Much??
Figure 2-2
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

8. Desktop and Portable Computers
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

9. Desktop and Portable Computers
A portable computer is a small, lightweight personal computer
A notebook computer (also referred to as a laptop), is a small, lightweight portable computer that opens like a clamshell to reveal a screen and keyboard
Ultra-light notebook
Netbook
A tablet computer is a portable computing device featuring a touch-sensitive screen that can be used as a writing or drawing pad
An ultra-mobile PC (UMPC) is a small form factor tablet computer designed to run most of the software available for larger portable computers
GPS,Play game, MP3/MP4
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

10. Home, Media, Game, and Small Business Systems
A home computer system offers a hardware platform with adequate, but not super-charged support for most computer applications
A Media Center PC officially uses Windows Media Center Edition operating system
Some of the most cutting-edge computers are designed for gaming
Graphics Card
State-of-the-art
Computers marketed for small business applications tend to be middle-of-the-line models pared down to essentials
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

11. Buying Computer System Components
Decide how your computer will be used, and how much you want to spend
Decide on a platform (Mac, PC, Linux)
Look at ads in computer magazines and at computer/electronic stores
Understand the computer jargon
Goto page 50-62
Expect to pay anywhere from a few hundred to several thousand dollars
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

12. Buying Computer System Components
Instead of buying a new computer, you might consider upgrading
Figure 2-9
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

13. Where is the best place to buy a computer? QuickCheck-p54/66
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

14. Microprocessors and Memory
Microprocessor Basics
Today’s Microprocessors
Random Access Memory
Read-only Memory
EEPROM
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

15. Microprocessor Basics
A microprocessor is an integrated circuit designed to process instructions
ALU
Registers
Control unit
Instruction set
Figure 2-11
Pin Grid
Array (PGA)
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

16. Microprocessor Basics
Front side bus(FSB)
HyperTransport
Microprocessor clock
Megahertz
Gigahertz
Word size
Cache
Level 1 cache (L1)
Level 2 cache (L2)
CISC vs. RISC technology
Figure 2-12
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

17. Microprocessor Basics
Serial processing
Pipelining
Parallel processing
Dual core processor
Hyper-Threading Technology
Figure 2-13
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

18. Today’s Microprocessors
Figure 2-14
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

19. Techno-speak Chapter 2: Computer Hardware
DDR2 – double data rate 2 SDRAM memory
SATA – Serial Advanced Technology Attachment, faster than older parallel transfer devices, hot-swapping
Pitch, distance between pixels… smaller = better image
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

20. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

21. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

22. PCIe PC Architecture PCIe forms the interconnect backbone
Northbridge/Southbridge are both PCIe switches
Some Southbridge designs have built-in PCI- PCIe bridge to allow old PCI cards
Some PCIe cards are PCI cards with a PCI-PCIe bridge
Source: Jon Stokes, PCI Express: An Overview
cles/paedia/hardware/pcie .ars

23. Today’s Intel PC Architecture: Single Core System
FSB connection between processor and Northbridge (82925X)
Memory Control Hub
Northbridge handles “primary” PCIe to video/GPU and DRAM.
PCIe x16 bandwidth at 8 GB/s (4 GB each direction)
Southbridge (ICH6RW) handles other peripherals

24. Today’s Intel PC Architecture: Dual Core System
Bensley platform
Blackford Memory Control Hub (MCH) is now a PCIe switch that integrates (NB/SB).
FBD (Fully Buffered DIMMs) allow simultaneous R/W transfers at 10.5 GB/s per DIMM
PCIe links form backbone
PCIe device upstream bandwidth now equal to down stream
Workstation version has x16 GPU link via the Greencreek MCH
Two CPU sockets
Dual Independent Bus to CPUs, each is basically a FSB
CPU feeds at 8.5–10.5 GB/s per socket
Compared to current Front-Side Bus CPU feeds 6.4GB/s
PCIe bridges to legacy I/O devices
Source:

25. Random Access Memory
Random Access Memory is a temporary holding area for data, application program instructions, and the operating system
Figure 2-16
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

26. Random Access Memory
Microscopic capacitors hold the bits that represent data
Most RAM is volatile
Requires electrical power to hold data
Figure 2-17
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

27. Random Access Memory
RAM capacity is expressed in megabytes or gigabytes
Personal computers typically feature between 256MB and 2GB of RAM
An area of the hard disk, called virtual memory, can be used if an application runs out of allocated RAM
Quick Quiz: Is How many Extended ASCII characters could possibly be stored in 1GB of RAM? (about 50 Random House College Dictionaries)
Consequence of too little??
too much??
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

28. Random Access Memory
RAM speed is often expressed in nanoseconds (8ns v. 10ns) or megahertz
SDRAM is fast and relatively inexpensive
DDR/DDR2 (double data rate)
RDRAM is more expensive, and usually found in high-performance workstations
Figure 2-19
DDR2 DIMM
DIMM
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

29. Read-Only Memory
ROM is a type of memory circuitry that holds the computer’s startup routine
Permanent and non-volatile
Programmable only once , “hard-wired”
The ROM BIOS tells the computer how to access the hard disk, find the operating system, and load it into RAM, etc.
BIOS: Basis Input/Output System
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

30. EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
More permanent than RAM, and less permanent than ROM
Requires no power to hold data
Quick Quiz on Memory: 1. T/F RAM is a form of permanent storage used by personal computers. 2. RAM capacity capable of storing ~ 1,000 million characters would be expressed as 1 GigaByte of RAM. 3. If your computer manufacturer advertises that you to can keep your BIOS up to date by downloading and installing revisions/updates, the BIOS for your computes is probably stored on a EEPROM or Flash RAM device.
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

31. Memory – Quick Quiz
T / F RAM is a form of permanent storage used by personal computers.
RAM capacity capable of storing ~ 1,000 million characters would be expressed as _________ of RAM.
If your computer manufacturer advertises that you to can keep your computer’s BIOS up to date by downloading and installing revisions/updates, the BIOS for your computes is probably stored on a/an ________ device. F
1 GigaByte
EEPROM
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

32. Storage Devices Storage Basics Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology
CD and DVD Technology
Solid State Storage
Storage Wrap-up
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

33. Storage Basics A storage medium contains data
A storage device records data and retrieves data on a storage medium
Data gets copied from a storage device into RAM, where it waits to be processed
Processed data is held temporarily in RAM before it is copied to a storage medium
Access times typically measured in milliseconds
recall RAM access times in nanoseconds
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

34. Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology
Magnetic storage stores data by magnetizing microscopic particles on the disk or tape surface
Figure 2-22
Durability?
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

35. Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology
Hard disk platters and read-write heads are sealed inside the drive case or cartridge to screen out dust and other contaminants.
Goto BookCD page 79 and play a movie
Figure 2-23
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

36. Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology
A controller positions the disk and read-write heads to locate data
SATA
Ultra ATA
EIDE
SCSI
Not as durable as many other storage technologies
Head crash!
Figure 2-24
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

37. Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology
A floppy disk is a round piece of flexible Mylar plastic covered with a thin layer of magnetic oxide and sealed inside a protective casing
A tape drive is a device that reads data from and writes data to a long stream of recordable media similar to the tapes used in audio cassettes
A tape is a sequential storage medium
Figure 2-25
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

38. CD and DVD Technology
Optical storage stores data as microscopic light and dark spots (lands and pits) on the disk surface
CD and DVD storage technologies
Figure 2-26 and 2-27
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

39. CD and DVD Technology
Today’s DVD drives typically have 16X speeds for a data transfer rate of Mbps (Note: 16x CD  19.2 Mbps)
CD 1X = 150KBps, 1X DVD ~ 9X CD
Three categories of optical technologies
Read-only (ROM)
Recordable (R)
Rewritable (RW)
Blu-ray
ROM-BIOS/CD-ROM
Figure CD 700MB or about 80 minutes of music, DVD 4.7GB or feature-length movie… double-layer = 5.5GB, Blu-ray = 25GB
CD 1X = 150KBps, 1X DVD ~ 9X CD
CD: 780nm
DVD: 650nm
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

40. CD and DVD Technology CD-DA DVD-Video CD-ROM DVD-ROM CD-R
DVD+R or DVD-R
CD-RW
DVD+RW or DVD-RW
Replacement for hard disk?
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

41. CD and DVD Technology
Figure 2-29
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

42. Solid State Storage
Solid state storage technology stores data in an erasable, rewritable circuitry
Non-volatile
Card reader may be required to read data on solid state storage
Figure 2-30
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

43. Solid State Storage
A USB flash drive is a portable storage device that plugs directly into a computer’s USB port using a built-in connector (like a portable EEPROM device)
A U3 drive is a special type of USB flash drive that is preconfigured to autoplay when it is inserted into a Windows computer
Figures 2-31 and 2-32
Durability?
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

44. Storage Wrap-up, upgrading
Most desktop computers have
several drive bays, some
accessible from outside the
case, and others—designed for
hard disk drives—without any
external access. Empty drive
bays are typically hidden from
view with a face plate.
BookCD-Page86-Play
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

45. Storage Wrap-up, comparison
Figure 2-34
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

46. Input and Output Devices
Basic Input Devices
Display Devices
Printers
Installing Peripheral Devices
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

47. Basic Input Devices How Many Category? Keyboard Pointing device
Pointing stick
Trackpad
Trackball
Joystick
Touch screen
Figures 2-35 and 2-36 and 2-37
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

48. Display Devices How Many Category?
A CRT display device uses a bulky glass tube
An LCD manipulates light within a layer of liquid crystal cells
Plasma screen technology illuminates lights arranged in a panel-like screen
Figure 2-38
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

49. Display Devices How can we evaluate The Display Devices?
Viewable image size
Dot pitch
Viewing angle width
Refresh rate
Color depth
Resolution
VGA, SVGA, XGA, SXGA, UXGA, and WUXGA
Figure 2-39
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

50. Display Devices
Figure 2-40
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

51. Display Devices
Graphics circuitry generates the signals for displaying an image on the screen
Integrated graphics
Graphics card
Graphics processing unit (GPU)
Quick Quiz on Displays: 1. If the primary application of your computer is to design sophisticated graphics simulation of aircraft flight characteristics, your best choice of display type would, in most cases, be: a) an flat screen LCD, B) a large flat screen plasma display, c) a high resolution CRT, or d) a standard television display. 2. T/F On most display devices, a UXGA display will provide a crisper, clearer image that a SVGA device.
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

52. Quick Quiz on Displays
1. If the primary application of your computer is to design sophisticated graphics simulation of aircraft flight characteristics, your best choice of display type would, in most cases, be: a) an flat screen LCD, B) a large flat screen plasma display, c) a high resolution CRT, or d) a standard television display. c
2. T/F On most display devices, a UXGA display will provide a crisper, clearer image that a SVGA device. T
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

53. Printers
An ink-jet printer has a nozzle-like print head that sprays ink onto paper
A laser printer works like a photocopier
Figure 2-42
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

54. Printers Laser printers are a popular technology when high-volume
output or good-quality printouts
are required.
BookCD Page 92-Playing
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

55. Printers
Dot matrix printers produce characters and graphics by using a grid of fine wires
The wires strike a ribbon and the paper
Figure 2-44
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

56. Printers Printer features Resolution (pixel w x h, dpi/dot pitch)
Print speed (ppm)
Duty cycle (ppM)
Operating costs
Duplex capability
Memory
Networkability
Quick Quiz on Printers: 1. If your printing application requires that you print information on a mulit-part form, which type of printing technology (in the list above) would you choose?
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

57. Installing Peripheral Devices
The data bus moves data within the computer
Expansion cards are small circuit boards that give the computer additional capabilities
Expansion slot
ISA
PCI
AGP
PCMCIA slot
PC card
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

58. Installing Peripheral Devices
An expansion card simply slides
into an expansion slot and is secured with a small screw.
Before you open the case, make sure you unplug the computer and ground yourself—
that’s technical jargon
for releasing static electricity by
using a special grounding wristband
or by touching both hands to a metal object.
Figure 2-48
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

59. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

60. Installing Peripheral Devices
An expansion port passes data in and out of a computer or peripheral device
Peripheral device may include the Plug and Play feature, or require a device driver
Figure 2-49
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

61. Installing Peripheral Devices
Figure 2-50
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

62. Hardware Security Anti-theft Devices
Surge Protection and Battery Backup
Basic Maintenance
Troubleshooting and Repair
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

63. Anti-Theft Devices Chapter 2: Computer Hardware
Figures 2-51, 2-52, and 2-53
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

64. Surge Protection and Battery Backup
A power surge is a sudden increase or spike in electrical energy, affecting the current that flows to electrical outlets
A surge strip is a device that contains electrical outlets protected by circuitry that blocks surges and spikes
A UPS is a device that not only provides surge protection, but also furnishes your computer with battery backup power during a power outage
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

65. Surge Protection and Battery Backup
Figures 2-54 and 2-55
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

66. Basic Maintenance
Computer component failures can be caused by manufacturing defects and other circumstances beyond your control
Keep the keyboard clean
Clean your computer screen on a regular basis
Keep the area clean around your computer
Make sure fans are free of dust
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

67. Basic Maintenance Carefully use a Q-tip and a can
of compressed air or a vacuum
cleaner to remove dust and
debris from your keyboard.
BookCD Page
Figure 2-56 (movie)
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

68. Troubleshooting and Repair
There are several telltale signs that your computer is in trouble
Failure to power up
Loud beep
Blue screen of death
Help and Support Center
Safe Mode
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

69. Troubleshooting and Repair
Figure 2-59
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware

70. Chapter 2 Complete
Computer Hardware