1. FOOT & ANKLE

2. LOWER LEG BONES:
Tibia:
Medial Malleolus
Fibula
Lateral Malleolus

3. FOOT BONES: Tarsal Bones: Metatarsal Bones: Phalanges: Calcaneus Talus
Cuboid
Navicular
Cuneiform Bones (3)
Metatarsal Bones:
1-5 (Medial to Lateral)
Phalanges:
Proximal
Middle
Distal

4. SESMOID BONE:
SMALL BONES AT THE BASE OF THE 1ST METATARSAL THAT ACTS TO PROTECT THE TENDON AND INCREASE ITS MECHANICAL EFFECT BY HOLDING THE TENDON SLIGHTLY FURTHER AWAY FROM THE JOINT

5. FOOT JOINTS: Foot Joints: MetaTarsalPhalangeal (MTP)
Proximal InterPhalangeal (PIP)
Distal InterPhalangeal (DIP)
TarsoMetatarsal

6. LATERAL ANKLE: [LIGAMENTS:]
Lateral Ligaments:
Anterior Talofibular ligament (ATFL)
Posterior Talofibular Ligament (PTFL)
Calcaneofibular Ligament (CFL)

7. MEDIAL ANKLE: [Ligaments:]
Deltoid Ligaments: 4 ligaments:
Posterior Tibio Talar
Tibio Calcaneal
Tibio Navicular
Anterior Tibio Talar

8. ANKLE MOVEMENTS: INVERSION (SUPINATION) EVERSION (PRONATION)
PLANTARFLEXION
DORSIFLEXION

9. MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LEG/ANKLE:

10. ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT:
DORSIFLEXORS
ASSISTS WITH INVERSION
MMT BY RESISTING DORSIFLEXION

11. LATERAL COMPARTMENT:
EVERSION
MMT BY RESISTING EVERSION

12. DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT:
PLANTARFLEXION
ASSISTS WITH INVERSION
MMT BY RESISTING PLANTARFLEXION AND INVERSION

13. SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT:
PLANTARFLEXION
MMT BY RESISTING PLANTARFLEXION

14. PLANTAR FASCIA:
THICK BAND OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE ON THE SOLE OF THE FOOT SPANNING FROM THE HEEL (CALCANEUS) TO THE TOES
ITS PURPOSE IS TO SUPPORT THE ARCH ON THE BOTTOM OF THE FOOT

15. ARCHES OF THE FOOT:
ARCHES OF THE FOOT ARE FORMED BY THE BONES (TARSALS AND METATARSALS) AND STRENGTHENED BY LIGAMENTS AND TENDONS.

16. ARCHES OF THE FOOT:
A HIGH OR FLAT ARCH CAN EFFECT THE FOOT ALIGNMENT AND CAN CAUSE INJURIES
HIGH ARCH:PES CAVUS
FLAT ARCH:PES PLANUS

17. ANKLE INJURIES:

18. SPRAIN IS AN INJURY TO A LIGAMENT
ANKLE/FOOT SPRAIN:
SPRAIN IS AN INJURY TO A LIGAMENT

19. ANKLE SPRAINS: Inversion Ankle Sprain:
Ankle sprain when the foot turns inward (inversion) and causes damage to one or more of the lateral ligaments.
Approximately 90% of all ankle sprains are inversion ankle sprains.
135 LBS of force to rupture!

20. ANKLE SPRAINS: Eversion Ankle Sprain:
Ankle sprain when the foot turns outward (eversion) and causes damage to one or more of the deltoid ligaments.
Only about 5% of all ankle sprains are eversion ankle sprains.
Medial ankle ligaments are a lot stronger.
900 lbs of force to rupture!

21. ANKLE SPRAINS: High Ankle Sprain:
Ankle sprain when the foot turns outward (eversion) and/or into dorsiflexion causing the tibia and fibula to separate and stretch the Tibio-Fibular ligament.

22. ANKLE/FOOT STRAIN:
INJURY TO A MUSCLE OR TENDON

23. ANKLE/FOOT FRACTURE:
FRACTURE OR BREAK TO ANY OF THE BONES OF THE LOWER LEG, ANKLE OR FOOT

24. LISFRANC INJURY:
INJURY TO THE MIDFOOT IN WHICH ONE OR ALL OF THE METATARSAL BONES BECOMES DISPLACED FROM THE TARSAL BONES.

25. PLANTAR FASCIITIS:
SORENESS AND INFLAMMATION OF THE PLANTAR FASCIA

26. TENDONITIS:
SORENESS OR INFLAMMATION OF A TENDON. USUALLY IN THIS CASE THE ACHILLES TENDON THAT CONNECTS THE CALF (GASTROCNEMIUS) TO THE HEEL (CALCANEUS)

27. INJURIES TO THE ARCHES:
ARCH INJURIES CAN BE SPRAINS OR STRAINS
ARCH INJURIES CAN CAUSE PAIN TO THE FOOT (ARCH ITSELF), ANKLE, KNEE, HIP, BACK