1. Transforming ICT Networks for a Sustainable Future
Thierry E Klein, Head of Green Research, Bell Labs

2. TRANSFORMING ICT NETWORKS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
Dr. Thierry E. Klein Head of Green Research at Bell Labs / Alcatel-Lucent Chair of Technical Committee GreenTouch

3. GOING GREEN: NEXT REVOLUTION OF 21ST CENTURY
“Sustainability is an imperative for our business. Our customers want us to create products and solutions that are there for the long term. That is, a long-term viable solution that includes sustainable elements.
Personally, I think it is also an opportunity. In today’s economy, we are looking for points of innovation that are inspiring that will go from one generation to the next. Green is that opportunity.”
Ben Verwaayan, CEO, Interview with Silicon Republic on Green Growth and Innovation, November 2012
GREEN =
MOTOR FOR INNOVATION + ECONOMIC DRIVER
Green is the single most important opportunity for the 21st century for all industries and specifically for ICT
Need new business models and innovation and co-creation frameworks

4. GREEN MAKES ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC SENSE
11/8/2017
GREEN MAKES ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC SENSE
INCREASE
2012 to 2016 ~
75%
ENERGY BILL
NETWORK 70 to
80% overall energy bill of an operator Ø
RAN: +70% of network electricity cost
=5th
INTERNET
If the internet was a country: energy
consumption is higher than Russia and a
little less than Japan
HIGHEST COUNTRY 7 -
20%
OPERATORS OPEX
From 7% in mature countries
to +20% in emerging countries
+27%
ENERGY USE
The trend toward smartphone and widescreen device adoption is continuing to accelerate, with
the number of smart devices in use expected to be potentially 18 times higher in 2015 than in 2010.
Consequently, mobile service providers need to deploy more capacity in their networks, by increasing the number of sites and using the latest technologies, such as LTE. However these steps can raise other issues.: for example, increasing the number of sites addresses the need for additional capacity. But it can result in higher costs for operations, site rental, power consumption, civil works — and in increased network management complexity.
Sources:
The Internet uses more electricity in America than the auto industry uses to make cars and trucks. [CNN MoneyTech May 9, 2011]
The Internet –- if it were a country – would rank fifth in the world for electricity use. That’s more power than Russia uses [Greenpeace IT Study 2011]
Network operations is the largest cost base for the selected SPs, accounting for 8% to 17% of their OPEX*:
SPs in emerging markets are at the high-end of this range as a result of poor infrastructure, high maintenance costs, and high fuel costs
Source: Pyramid Research, Global OPEX Study for Alcatel-Lucent, 2010
Global ICT emissions: 2.3% = 1.27 GtCO2e by 2020 growing at 4% YoY
GeSI “SMARTer 2020: The Role of ICT in Driving a Sustainable Future”, 2012

5. Anywhere, Any time, Any Device
A NEW WIRELESS WORLD / INTERNET
Global Users
Anywhere, Any time, Any Device
Wireless, Video
HD, 3D, …

6. Fundamental question:
ENERGY EFFICIENCY IS A NECESSITY FOR THE ICT INDUSTRY
So ICT is deemed to grow if we want to achieve the green agenda. This also means that ICT has to be the most efficient possible to be sustainable and reach the green agenda objectives. Let us quote some numbers:
Between 2010 and 2020, Consumer Internet Traffic is expected to be multiplied by 15,4 globally (12,8 for fixed; 186,2 for mobile). Consumer Internet Traffic encompasses any IP traffic that crosses the Internet and is not confined to a single service provider's network. It includes fixed IP traffic generated by households, university populations, and Internet cafes. It does not include Managed IP. [GreenTouch Services, Applications, and Trends Committee, Macro-Traffic Study Group, July 2012].
The Smart 2020 study from GESI indicates that the overall ICT sector’s current contribution to GHG emissions is set to double by The ICT GHG emissions is set to increase by 5% per annum if we do nothing
« If nothing is done, in 25 years the Internet will consume as much energy as the whole of humanity in  » - The Green Grid
If the internet was a country, it would be the 5th in terms energy consumption: higher than Russia and a little less than Japan [Greenpeace IT Study 2011]
Energy consumption in communications service provider (CSP) networks is forecast to increase by 27% from 2012 to 2016
>>Bottom line: If we apply all the technology we know today about reducing carbon emissions and power consumption by the network - the best we can do is stay level in terms of environmental impact over the next 10 years. It will be a fight just to stay flat. Doing nothing is not an option.
Developing efficient, eco-sustainable options has become critical to ensuring the long-term affordability & sustainability of telecommunications networks It requires a shift in the way telecom companies like Alcatel-Lucent think about their products. We need a new model and way of thinking sustainability. We need to cultivate more than ever ‘open innovation’ and ‘co-creativity’ across the whole industry.
The trend toward smartphone and widescreen devices adoption is continuing to accelerate, with the number of smart devices in use expected to be potentially 18 times higher in 2015 than in 2010.
Consequently, mobile service providers need to deploy more capacity in their networks, by increasing the number of sites and using the latest technologies such as 4G. However these steps can raise other issues.: for example, increasing the number of sites addresses the need for additional capacity and increase operational costs and power demands.
Green is a necessity for the ICT industry.
The Internet uses more electricity in America than the auto industry uses to make cars and trucks. [CNN MoneyTech May 9, 2011]
The Internet –- if it were a country – would rank fifth in the world for electricity use. That’s more power than Russia uses [Greenpeace IT Study 2011]
The Green Grid is a non-profit, open industry consortium of end-users, policy-makers, technology providers, facility architects, and utility companies collaborating to improve the resource efficiency of data centers and business computing ecosystems
Fundamental question:
Support the traffic growth in a sustainable and economically viable way throughout the world

7. NEW APPROACHES FOCUSED ON ENERGY
Components and Hardware
Network Architecture RN
eNB
Proc essi ng Unit
IP layer
WDM layer
Management and Control
Thermal Management

8. Separate BEYOND CELLULAR GREEN GENERATION signaling sleep data Data
Beyond “cellular” coverage
with data capacity on demand
Opportunities for sustainability:
System designed for energy efficiency
Separate capacity from coverage
Optimise signalling transmission
Lean access to system
Cope with massive amount of low data rate services
Challenges:
New system architecture
Re-invent mobility management
Agile management, context aware, network with memory
Hardware for fast reconfiguration 8

9. BIT-INTERLEAVING PON DELIVERS >10x BETTER EFFICIENCY
10 Gb/s
~10 Mb/s 9

10. ENERGY EFFICIENT CONTENT DISTRIBUTION, STORAGE AND PROCESSING
Challenges:
Energy efficiency optimization for tradeoff between transmission, storage and in-network processing
Dynamic and real-time control algorithms
Coupled to dynamic and flexible software defined transport network

11. GREENTOUCH™ (www.greentouch.org)
Bell Labs Initiated Global Research Consortium representing industry, government and academic organizations
New Innovation Model for sustainability
Launched in May 2010
Focus on energy efficiency, sustainability and growth
Holistic and ambitious: Goal of 1000x
60 member organizations with 350+ leading scientists
Recognized by the World Economic Forum as an industry-led best practice toward sustainability
Moving from fundamental research into the pre-competitive area through standardization
Leading Green ICT: cooperation with other NGOs such as GeSI, ITU-T, GreenGrid, Carbon Trust, ITRS
Deliver by 2015 Architectures, Specifications and Solutions and Demonstrate Key Technologies to Increase Network Energy Efficiency by a Factor 1000 Compared to 2010

12. WHY NETWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY?
Green Services
Revenue from Services
INCREASE
GROWTH
Bits per second
Watts
REDUCE
Carbon Footprint
Costs
Makes both Environmental and Economic Sense

13. GREENTOUCH STATUS: WHERE ARE WE?
15+ RESEARCH PROGRAMS & 25 RESEARCH PROJECTS
NEW APPROACHES BEING TAKEN
Wireless and mobile communications
Wireline access
Core networks and optical transmission
Services, applications and trends
Devices and low power electronics / photonics
Architectures, algorithms and protocols
“Power-follows-load” intelligent management
Service and energy optimized networks
TWO MAJOR PUBLIC DEMONSTRATIONS
COMMON REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE & ROADMAP
Wireless
Fiber-to-the-home
Establish and define common reference architecture and roadmap with strategic research directions

14. Transforming ICT Networks for a Sustainable Future
CONCLUSIONS
ICT NETWORKS ARE GROWING RAPIDLY
Scaling networks is becoming more difficult
Bringing focus to energy efficiency
ICT AND RESEARCH COMMUNITIES ARE ORGANIZING TO ADDRESS CHALLENGES
Transforming ICT Networks for a Sustainable Future
Dramatic, holistic change, but over long term evolution
Cooperative organizations such as GreenTouch guiding (re)evolution
SEVERAL PROMISING RESEARCH DIRECTIONS AND INITIAL RESULTS HAVE BEEN OBTAINED
End to end network architectures and management
@Alcatel_Lucent
@Green_Touch
MORE WORK REMAINS!
@Thierry_Klein 14