3. Ancient Greece
Terrain consisted of mountain ranges and sea isolating Greeks from one another
Communities were independent from one another
Greek major territories: Peloponnesus, Attica, Boeotia, Thessaly, Macedonia
Minoan Crete considered the earliest civilization
The first Greek state: Mycenae

4. Ancient Greece Timeline
Archaic Period – 600 to 480 B.C.
Classical Period – 480 to 323 B.C.
Hellenistic Period – 323 to 146 B.C.
Roman conquest began 146 B.C. where Greece was split into Roman provinces
The last Roman campaign was in Ptolemaic Egypt which ended in 31 B.C. with the suicide of its last ruler Cleopatra

5. Greek Architecture
Architecture was at its height during the Classical Period of ancient Greece
The design of buildings was based on a series of vertical columns with a horizontal beam across them
The basic design was Doric Style and Ionic Style
Public Buildings: Temples, Stoas, Theaters, Gymnasia

6. The size and shape of a column are different in these three styles of Greek architecture
The Doric order: plain capitals an no base
The Ionic order: had an elaborate base and spiral shaped capitals
The Corinthian column featured leaf-shaped capitals

7. The Parthenon
Built between 447 and 432 B.C. located on the Acropolis in Athens
The Parthenon was dedicated to Athena, the patron goddess of the city

8. Temple of Hera Dated c. 540-530 B.C.
An example of Doric architecture with thick columns and spreading capitals

9. Greek Sculpture Greek sculptors worked with marble
Archaic Period: carved in simple formal style - a male nude called kouros and a clothed female was called kore
Classical Period: perfected the art of portraying the human body, figures were shown in active poses, showing facial expressions & emotions

10. Eastern Influence in Greek Sculpture
Kouros
Kore

11. Critian Boy from the Athenian Acropolis

12. Doryphoros, spear carrier
This statue is a Roman copy of the original work
It illustrated the ideal proportions of a human figure
The young male nude was a common subject during the Classical Period
Lifelike, relaxed pose and flexible with smooth muscled body
An example of ideal beauty for ancient Greeks

13. Myron, Discus Thrower
Early Classical Period sculpture
Fluid body movement and demonstrates details of musculature of the young man

14. Hellenistic Period: In this period there was a wider range of subjects such as children, foreigners, and older people. Emotions of subjects consisted of pain and death
Relief Sculpture in buildings and tombs
High Relief vs. Low Relief
A lasting influence still seen in today’s architecture and sculpture

15. Drunken Old Woman sculpture
Hellenistic sculpture was more raw and realistic
Sculptors was more emotional than it had been in the Classical period
This sculpture shows an old haggard woman who is poor and struggling in life

16. Hellenistic Sculpture & Greek –style Buddha
On the left side is a terra-cotta statuette of draped woman made as a tomb offering that was found in Thebes
Its dated c. 300 B.C.
With the conquest of the western part of India by Alexander the Great, there was some influence of Greek sculpture in India
The Buddha on the right has elements of both Indian and Hellenistic sculpture

17. Pottery & Metalwork Early pottery: Geometric Style and Oriental Style
Athenian Pottery: the most detailed and sophisticated painted pottery
Black-figure ware & red figure ware pottery
Artist decorated pots with scenes of Greek mythology & daily life
Metalwork sculpture and art are rare finds since much of it was melted down and reused

19. Pottery did not only depict battle scenes and scenes of daily life, it also depicted various scenes of Greek mythology

22. A principal activity of Greek women was the making of clothes
A principal activity of Greek women was the making of clothes. This painted pottery shows one woman spinning and another holding a small hand loom

23. This vase shows a woman playing a lyre
It was common for upper class woman to stay at home sheltered from the outside world
They kept busy at home caring for their family as well with other activities such as playing an instrument

24. Religion
Ancient Greeks had dozens of different gods and goddesses in charge of different aspects of life and death
Very Religious but didn’t have to follow a strict set of rules
People worshipped the gods they found most useful to their needs

25. Myths & Legends Myths were an important part of ancient Greek religion
The Creation Story
The Birth of Zeus
The Revenge of Zeus
Zeus ruler of the sky & king of all gods
Poseidon: king of the ocean, Pluto: king of the underworld, Hestia: goddess of hearth & home, Demeter: goddess of plants & harvest

26. Temples & Worship
Daily Prayer & the rules to follow to have your prayers accepted by the gods
The Greeks held festivals throughout the year to pay respect to their gods
The Great Festival of Athene
Oracles & Omens
Soothsayers

27. Bronze statue of Athena, goddess of wisdom and warrior protectress of Athens c. 350 B.C.

28. Death & the Underworld
The ancient Greeks believed that when they died their souls were taken to Pluto’s kingdom in the underworld, Hades
The person’s next life depended on their behavior in life
There were three (3) places where one might end up: Elysian Fields, Asphodel Fields, or Tartarus
Funerals & Burials