1. CULTURE AND ROMANESQUE ART

2. CULTURE
Invasions centres of culture disappear
Monasteries: monks copied out ancient manuscripts.
Monastic and cathedral schools: imitated the model of the Palatine Academy at Aachen.
The first universities were founded:
Bologna (1088) and Oxford (1096)
Teaching in Latin
There were no time fixed to complete studies.

3. ROMANESQUE
Christian Europe
From the end of 10th century to the beginning if the 13th century
Main features:
It was essentially a religious art.
It developed primary in rural areas.
The monastic orders and pilgrim routes helped it to spread throughout Europe.

4. Religious buildings: churches and monasteries Material: stone Vault:
ARCHITECTURE
Religious buildings: churches and monasteries
Material: stone
Vault:
Ashlar
Barrel vault
Groin vault

6. Semicircular arch
The walls were thick and reinforced on the outside with buttresses.
There were not many doors or windows, so that the walls could support the weight of the vaults better.

7. The doors and windows were semicircular with archivolts.

8. The main support was the pillar.
The columns had capitals, which were elaborated carved with foliage, mythical beast and monsters and human figures.

9. CAPITALS

10. Plan:
Basilica Plan
Latin – cross plan
Central plan (polygonal)

11. Apses: semicircular or polygonal space covered with a vault.
Other elements:
Apses: semicircular or polygonal space covered with a vault.
Ambulatory: circular nave situated in the chancel, around the back of the main altar.
Apses

13. SCULPTURE
Frequently used on doors (archivolts and tympana) and capitals.
“Law of the frame”: sculpture tended to be adapted to the architecture frame.
Didactic purpose: teach the Christian beliefs to the people, who were mostly illiterate.
The most common theme was the Pantocrator surrounded by the Evangelists.

15. Matthew / Angel
John / Eagle
Luke / Ox
Mark / Lion
PANTOCRATOR

16. Other kind of sculpture
Free-standing sculptures (not attached to a wall)
Main themes:
Christ on the cross
Virgin with the Child
Figures were rigid, static and inexpressive.

18. PAINTING
Mural painting done in fresco.
They also illustrated manuscripts with miniatures, painted with tempera.
The purpose was also didactic.
They represented the same themes than sculpture.
Colours were plain and the scenes depicted had to depth.
The characters were in rigid poses and their faces showed no emotion.

19. Iglesia de San Clemente de Taüll, Lérida.

20. THE END BY JOSÉ LUIS ALCAIDE GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY TEACHER
IES PUERTA DE LA AXARQUÍA
LA CALA DEL MORAL (MÁLAGA)