1. Topic 15- The Age of Imperialism
Essential Question- Why do people move?

2. 15.1- Motives for Imperialism

3. A strong nation takes over a weak nation
What is imperialism?
Domination by one country of the political, economic or cultural life of another country or region
A strong nation takes over a weak nation OR
In the mid-late 1800s Europeans would look to Latin America, Africa, The Middle East, India, Southeast Asia, and China to expand their overseas empires.

4. The New Imperialism,
The Industrial Revolution had strengthened Western Powers and given them confidence.
This led to aggressive expansion called The New Imperialism— was the most active time of the Imperialistic activity.
The Western Powers included Britain, Spain, Germany, Italy, Russia, France, and the United States

5. Motives (Justifications) for Imperialism
There were three primary motives for Imperialism:
Economic
Political/Military
Humanitarian
Humanitarian- concerned with or seeking to promote human welfare

6. Economic Motives
The Industrial Revolution created a booming industry that needed natural resources and raw materials for manufactured goods.
Natural resources: rubber, petroleum, cotton, cocoa, manganese for steel and palm oil for machinery
New factories were able to produce large quantities of goods, so the Europeans needed new markets to sell in.

7. Political/Military Motives
As new markets opened around the world, steam ships were relied on to quickly transport goods. However, the new steam powered ships needed safe ports to get more coal and supplies. Both merchant and military ships would access these safe harbors
Nationalism also played a role in imperialism. As European nations began to seize territories overseas, it set off a race among rivals
British naval bases 2011

8. Humanitarianism
Many Europeans felt it was their duty to spread the blessings of Western Civilization such as medicine, law, and the Christian religion to their “little brothers” across the seas.

9. Social Darwinism- “survival of the fittest” applied to human society
Humanitarianism
This civilizing mission was enhanced by a growing belief in the racial superiority of the West
Europeans believed in Social Darwinism- the strongest nations would enjoy wealth and success while others perished. The conquest of weaker races was simply nature’s way of improving the human species
This idea promotes racism
Social Darwinism- “survival of the fittest” applied to human society

10. White Man’s Burden
In 1899, British poet Rudyard Kipling wrote the poem “White Man’s Burden” to convince others to take up the “burden” of empire
“Take up the White Man’s Burden Send forth the best ye breed
Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives’ need;
To wait in heavy harness
On fluttered folk and wild
Your new-caught, sullen peoples
Half-devil and half-child.” -Rudyard Kipling

11. Why did Imperialism work?
Old civilizations were declining including the largest empires:
The Ottomans in the Middle East
Mughals in India
Qing in China
West African nations
Western Civilizations had industrialized and had:
Strong economies with well organized governments
Medical knowledge to survive tropical diseases
Superior gun power, such as the Maxim machine gun

12. Imperial Rule New imperialism took several forms
Colonies- ruled directly or indirectly
Protectorate
Spheres of influence

13. Colonies
Colonies were run by a bureaucracy: governors, officials, and soldiers to control the people
Direct rule (France)- goal was to impose their culture on their colonies; reflected Europeans’ belief that colonial people were incapable of ruling themselves
Indirect rule (England)- traditional rulers remained, but had little actual power and had to be loyal to the ruling country.

14. Protectorates
Local rulers were left in power but they had to accept the “advice” of the European Advisors on issues such as taxes, trade and foreign relations.
Protectorates were less costly because they only require a minimal military commitment, unless there is a crisis or revolt.
Protectorate- country with its own government but under the control of an outside power

15. Spheres of Influence
Europeans carved out spheres of influence in areas like China to prevent conflict with one another.
The United States claimed a Sphere of Influence over all of Latin America with the Monroe Doctrine to hold off any European powers that might compete with their interests
Sphere of Influence- an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment and trading privileges

16. Review
The 19th century term “White Man’s Burden” reflects the idea that
Asians and Africans were equal to Europeans
Asians and Africans would be grateful for European help
imperialism was opposed by most Europeans
Europeans had a responsibility to improve the lives of the colonial peoples

17. Review
British control over South Africa, French control over Indochina, and Spanish control over Mexico are examples of
nonalignment
appeasement
imperialism
isolationism

18. Review
In the past, European nations have conquered other lands, made them into colonies, and controlled their economies. This statement describes a situation that resulted from the
industrialization of Europe and the need for raw materials
desire of Europeans to spread communism throughout the world
European belief in human rights for all people
requests of developing nations for modern machines and technology

19. Review
Which statement best expresses the motive for 19th- century European imperialism?
Living space was needed for the excess population in western Europe.
European leaders believed imperialism was an effective method of reducing the number of wars.
Imperialism would benefit the economies of the colonial powers.
European nations would benefit from some aspects of the conquered nation’s culture.