1. 12/17/2015 7:44 AM
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2. What does it mean?
The term “Gothic” was used by Giorgio Vasari in 1550
(the father of art history)
He lived at the height of the Renaissance
He used it to describe late medieval art/architecture
It was meant to be derisive
He thought that Gothic art was monstrous and barbarous, invented by the Goths- the barbarians

3. When did it happen?
The dates are not exact and this style was the not rule everywhere
It mostly existed in France, England, Germany and Northern Italy

4. L IGHT
HE GHT
The power and influence of the church had reached extreme heights and so to reflect that power and devotion the churches were designed and build the reflect the greatness of God and stood as symbols of the local communities devotion
Communities strove for higher and higher buildings, and to solve the issues of light made many innovations in building in order to flood interiors with “Heavenly” light.

6. What was the world like during the Gothic Era?
War
The Black Plague
The Hundred Year War
1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their various allies
one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and ¼- 1/3 of the population of Europe died as a result
The Great Schism
a split within the Catholic Church from 1378 to Two men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope. Driven by politics rather than any theological disagreement, the schism was ended by the Council of Constance (1414–1418). The simultaneous claims to the papal chair of two different men hurt the reputation of the office.

7. Anything else happen?
The centers of religious/intellectual life shifted from the monasteries to the cities.
Catholic Church was at the height of its power
Modern nations begin to take shape

9. Gothic Architecture Flying buttress Rib Vault Clerestory Triforium
Aisle
Nave
Gothic Architecture

10. St. Denis France Early Gothic 1144
First gothic building
-Abbot Suger, the patron, wanted light filtered by stained glass to saturate the inside of the building
-Rib vaults start at the ceiling and travel down to the capitals, the columns are round and unarticulated
-Pointed arches
-Moves away from the demarcation of spaces in the Romanesque period and embraces a more organic feel, which creates a continuous space as the spaces flow into each other.
-minimizes mass and weight on the interior

12. "The dull mind rises to truth through that which is material
"The dull mind rises to truth through that which is material."  -Abbot Suger
Suger believed that art is made for the honor of God and the saints
In addition, Suger felt that there is a reciprocal relationship between the celestial and the terrestrial in art.
 Essentially, the theory is based on the idea of returning to God a part of what God has already given (thus, through the use of precious materials, stone, etc; the materials themselves possess sacred virtues).
 Suger supported the idea that a material representation had the ability to raise one's senses to a vision of the eternal ideal, "urging us onward from the material to the immaterial"

13. Early Gothic-Abbot Suger
the spiritual nature of light.
The lightening of the structure allowed for larger stained glass windows to flood the interior with mystical light.
New architectural innovations
Flying buttress
Pointed arch
Stain Glass
Rib vaults
Rectangular bays

14. Notre-Dame de Paris Paris France Early Gothic 1180-1200
-Flying buttresses first used on a large scale here
-early gothic building; rib vaults start at the ceiling and go down as far as the capitals on the columns
-Sexparte or six part vaults
-Vaults span two bays
-Façade
First floor portal sculpture
Second floor a “king's” gallery with 28 kings from the Old Testament
Third floor rose window 30 feet across
Fourth floor hanging space for bells (and hunchbacks ☺)
Fifth floor bell towers

17. 60. Chartres Cathedral
Chartres France
Gothic CE
Limestone, stained glass

27. Form
Function
Content
Context

28. Rose Window from Chartres Cathedral Gothic 1200 CE
-Commissioned by Blanche of Castile
- the fleur-de-lis is a reference to the French crown
- an excellent example of Lux nova
-the rich light of God shines through the stories of the bible and touches you with its warmth both spiritually and physically

29. Virgin and Child and Angels Chartres Cathedral Gothic 1170
Early piece that survived the fire of 1190 and was reused in the refurbished cathedral.
Mary is beautiful, worldly queen of Heaven
Above her is the Dove of the Holy Spirit
it is the Opposite of Byzantine mosaics- which reflect light (glass transmits light)

31. 62. Röttgen Pietà, Late Medieval 1300-1325 Painted wood

32. 62. Röttgen Pietà, Late Medieval 1300-1325 Painted wood
The suffering of the 14th century (plague, famine, social strife) seen in this piece
As you suffer so did Christ:
suffering is holy
Christ is distorted, emaciated, bleeding, terribly wounded
Mary is expressed through her oversized face which allows the viewer to feel her grief all the more
Relates to a more “humanized” audience
Meant to be viewed privately

34. Form
Function
Content
Context

35. 61. Scenes from the Apocalypse from the Paris-Oxford-London Bible Moralisee
Gothic
1225
Illuminated manuscript

36. 61. Dedication page with Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX of France from the Bible of Saint Louis (Moralized Bible)
Gothic
1225
Illuminated manuscript

37. Lets use Khan Academy!
edieval-world/latin-western- europe/gothic1/a/bible-moralisee
Use your Phones!

40. Form
Function
Content
Context