1. Intellectual Development from 4-6
Standard(s): 3.3, 3.4, 13.4
Workplace Skill(s): 1. Complex Communication

2. Intellectual Developmental Milestones
4-years-old
Speaks in complete sentences of 5-6 words
Understands 3-step directions
Asks many when, where, why, and how questions
Understands same and different, bottom and top

3. Intellectual Developmental Milestones
5-years-old
Uses 6-8 word sentences with correct grammar
Learns alphabet and many letter sounds
Understands about 13,000 words
Understands above and below, before and after

4. Intellectual Developmental Milestones
6-years-old
Reads words and simple sentences
Writes simple words
Has longer attention spans
Understands right and left and additional concepts

5. Intelligence Tests
Tests are composed of tasks and questions that correspond to what is expected of children of various ages
Critics have identified drawbacks to relying on these tests to rank children’s mental abilities:
No single test can give an accurate measure of a child’s mental abilities
If a child feels sick or stressed it can affect score
Overall scores don’t identify strengths and weaknesses

6. Multiple Intelligences
Psychologist Howard Gardner argues that people have multiple intelligences – many different ways of using the mind and body to experience the world.
He outlined eight such intelligences

7. Multiple Intelligences, cont’d
Verbal-linguistic – This is linked to language. A person strongest in this intelligence learns best through words.
Logical-mathematical – This is shown by skill in arithmetic and many areas of science. People try to find patterns to connect facts and observations.
Visual-spatial – This is shown by ability in drawing and construction. Learning is easiest through pictures and colors.

8. Multiple Intelligences, cont’d
Musical – This intelligence has to do with rhythm and sounds. Hearing rhythms and melodies helps promote learning.
Bodily-kinesthetic – This intelligence is skill in moving the body through space. Athletes, dancers, and those who are skilled in crafts are high in intelligence.
Interpersonal – This intelligence has to do with social skills. A person with these abilities is good at communicating with and empathizing with others.

9. Multiple Intelligences, cont’d
Intrapersonal – This intelligence is revealed by a person who is more private and less social. A person who keeps a diary, has a strong will and much independence, and prefers to play alone has this intelligence.
Naturalistic – This intelligence is revealed by an understanding of the natural world – plants, animals, and the processes of nature. A person who has a naturalistic intelligence is likely to be interested in being outdoors and may enjoy books about animals.
Which type of intelligence are you?

10. Theories of Intellectual Development
Jean Piaget’s Beliefs
During preoperational period (age 2-7) children think in terms of their own activities and what they perceive at the moment
4-, 5-, and 6-year-olds show preoperational thinking through make-believe play, use of symbols, egocentric viewpoint, (ex. grass grows so kids don’t hurt themselves when they fall), and limited focus, (ex. all apples are red, so green fruits cannot be apples)

11. Theories of Intellectual Development
Lev Vygotsky’s Beliefs:
Development is too neat to be divided into stages
Learning takes place in, and is dependent upon, the social environment
Parents, teachers, and peers promote learning

12. Theories of Intellectual Development
Dr. Maria Montesorri’s Belief’s:
Children learn naturally if placed in a prepared learning environment containing appropriate materials
Montessori method focuses on development of senses, language, and motor skills with a view to preparing a child’s mind and body for further learning
Montessori classroom allows kids to learn by themselves and from each other