1. THE PERIODIC TABLE

2. ORGANIZATION OF THE PERIODIC TABLE
Periodic Law: The properties of elements repeat themselves at regular intervals when arranged in order of increasing atomic number

3. Groups Periods Horizontal rows Also known as families Vertical columns
Contain elements with similar properties
Periods
Horizontal rows
Period number equals number of energy levels

4. G R O U P
E R I O D

5. Groups are divided into.....
Main Group or Representative Elements
**Groups IA-VIIIA or 1-2, 13-18
Transition Elements or Transition Metals
**Groups IB-VIIIB or 3-12

6. group IIA alkaline earth metals
Family Names
group IA alkali metals
group IIA alkaline earth metals
group VIIA halogens
group VIIIA noble gases

7. Alkali Metals
most reactive metals
Group (IA) 1:

8. Group (IIA) 2:
Alkaline Earth Metals
Reactive metals

9. most reactive nonmetals
Halogens
most reactive nonmetals
Group (VIIA) 17:

10. Noble gases
Stable
Group (VIIIA) 18:

11. Groups :
transition metals

12. inner transition elements
(2 rows at the bottom)‏
lanthanide series – top row
actinide series – bottom row

13. Classification of the Elements
Elements can be classified as either:
1. Metals
2. Non-metals
3. Metalloids

14. Metallic character

15. Metals

16. Physical Properties of Metals
luster (shiny)‏
Ductile-able to be drawn into a thin wire
Malleable- able to be pounded into a thin sheet
good conductors of heat and electricity
All solid at room temperature
*exception- mercury is a liquid at RT

17. Chemical Properties of Metals
Loses electrons to become positively charged ions
**ion- an atom that has gained or lost electrons to become positively or negatively charged
Reactive with water or elements in the atmsophere

18. Nonmetals

19. Physical Properties of Nonmetals
brittle
dull
poor conductors of heat and electricity
Can be solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature

20. Chemical Properties of Nonmetals
Will gain electrons to become negatively charged ions.

21. Metalloid -border the diagonal line between metals and nonmetals, have some properties of both metals and nonmetals; not very shiny, most gray or white, fairly good conductors
Metalloids

22. Periodic Trends

23. Periodicity- the tendency to repeat at regular intervals
Periodic Trends
Periodicity- the tendency to repeat at regular intervals

24. Decreases across a period
Atomic Radius
Increases down a group
Decreases across a period

25. Which has a larger atomic radii? 1. Na or K 2. Mg or P
Atomic Radius
Which has a larger atomic radii?
1. Na or K Mg or P
Put the following in order of decreasing atomic size.
F, B, Li, C, Be
Ge, Pb, Sn, C, Si

26. Ionization energy- energy needed to remove an electron from an atom
Decreases down a group
Increases across a period

27. Ionization energy- Which has a larger ionization energy? 1. Na or F
2. Ca or Ba

28. Alkali metals-most reactive metals (Fr is the most reactive metal)‏
Reactivity
Alkali metals-most reactive metals
(Fr is the most reactive metal)‏
Halogens-most reactive nonmetals
(F is the most reactive nonmetal)‏

29. decreases across a period Non metals- decreases down a group
Reactivity
Metals:
increases down a group
decreases across a period
Non metals-
decreases down a group
increases across a period

30. Electronegativity- measure of tendency to attract electrons
Metals tend to lose electrons; have low electronegativity
(Fr has the lowest)‏
Nonmetals tend to gain electrons; have high electronegativity
(F has the highest)‏

31. Summary of Trends across a period down a group
Ionization energy increases
Electronegativy increases
Metallic properties decrease
Atomic radii decreases
across a period
Ionization energy decreases
Electronegativity decreases
Metallic properties increase
Atomic radii increases
down a group