1. Comparatives and Superlatives of Adjectives

2. Comparatives
We use comparative adjectives to describe people and things:
1. This car is certainly better but it’s much more expensive.
2. I’m feeling happier now.
3. We need a bigger house.

3. We use than when we want to compare one thing with another:
1. She is two years older than me.
2. New York is much bigger than Boston.
3. He is a better player than Ronaldo.
4. France is a bigger country than Britain.

4. When we want to describe how something or someone changes we can use two comparatives with and:
1. The balloon got bigger and bigger.
2. Everything is getting more and more expensive.
3. Grandfather is looking older and older. 

5. Superlatives
A superlative adjective compares three or more nouns. This takes the comparison of nouns to the highest degree.
1. John is 1m75. David is 1m80. Chris is 1m85. Chris is the tallest.
2. Canada, China and Russia are big countries. But Russia is the biggest.
3. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.

6. Formation Comparative Forms add -er and
Superlative Forms add -est when used with:
one-syllable adjectives
clean, new, cheap, nice, hot, small
two-syllable adjectives ending in -y or -er 
easy, happy, pretty, dirty, healthy, clever
We usually use THE with Superlatives because they talk about one thing which is
THE best, THE tallest, THE most intelligent
from all the others in the group.

7. Exceptions in spelling when adding -er / -est
silent ‘e’ is dropped
Example: late-later-latest
final ‘y’ after a consonant becomes i
Example: easy-easier-easiest
final consonant after short, stressed vowel is doubled
Example: hot-hotter-hottest

8. neutral form
comparative form
superlative form
clean
new
nice
late
hot
big
easy
pretty
happy
healthy
clever
cleaner
newer
nicer
later
hotter
bigger
easier
prettier
happier
healthier
cleverer
the cleanest
the newest
the nicest
the latest
the hottest
the biggest
the easiest
the prettiest
the happiest
the healthiest
the cleverest

9. Comparative Forms use more
and Superlative Forms use (the) most with
adjectives of three or more syllables:
different, intelligent, comfortable
wonderful, optimistic, expensive, etc.

10. neutral form
comparative form
superlative form
different
intelligent
comfortable
wonderful
optimistic
expensive
more different
more intelligent
more comfortable
more wonderful
more optimistic
more expensive
the most different
the most intelligent
the most comfortable
the most wonderful
the most optimistic
the most expensive

11. Comparatives and Superlatives (irregular comparisons)
some adjectives form their comparative and superlative forms differently:
neutral form
comparative form
superlative form
good
bad
better
worse
the best
the worst
far (place + time)
further
the furthest
far (place)
farther
the farthest

12. Comparing two things which are the same
when you want to say that two things are the same use the neutral form of the adjective with one of the following expressions:
as … as
Example: Jane is as tall as John.
not as … as / not so … as
Example: John is not as tall as Arnie.

13. HAVE FUN WITH COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES ;-)