1. Section 1-The Industrial Revolution
Chapter 12
Section 1-The Industrial Revolution

2. By mid 1700’s – greater demand for _____________ goods.
The need to make things more efficient led to the _________________ ________________

3. Industrial Revolution
Period of rapid growth in using _____________ for manufacturing and production
Began in ______________
Machines too large to be kept in ________________ homes

4. Textile Industry
Produced _____________ items

5. Richard Arkwright
1769- invented the ___________ ____________ - large spinning machine

6. Effect Used ______________ as power source
Creation of large ___________ and ____________
Produced cloth ______________ and ____________
Britain made it _____________ for any skilled mechanic or machine plans to leave the country

7. Samuel Slater Memorized the designs of _____________ machines
Disguised himself as a farmer to immigrate to the __________
Formed a partnership with ___________ __________ and William Almy in 1793 and opened the first mill in Pawtucket, __________ ____________
Became rich

8. Eli Whitney
1798- proposed to mass produce ___________ for the government
“I am persuaded that machinery moved by water {and} adapted to this business would greatly reduce the labor and facilitate {ease} the manufacture of this article.”
Made ______________________ parts
Easy to assemble
Able to replace ______________ parts
Sped up mass production of _____________

9. War of 1812
Americans weren’t able to get manufactured goods from overseas due to _______________.
Americans ______________ British products that Americans also produced.
“to be independent for the comforts of life we must fabricate {make} them ourselves” Thomas Jefferson
Caused a _____________ in American factories
People begin _____________ in manufacturing.
Americans had relied too much on ___________ goods which made them ________ and open to attack.

10. Section 2

11. Rhode Island System
_____________ found it hard to find workers for new factories
Switched to hiring __________. (children paid much less than adults for same work)
Built ____________for workers (Slatersville)
Built ___________ _______ were workers could purchase needed items (sometimes paid workers with a store credit)

12. Lowell System Changed textile industry in the ______________
Employed young unmarried ____________
$2-$4 a week
12-14 hour days
Provided ______________________ where the women lived and ate
Paid $1.25 for room and board
First factory in ____________, Massachusetts in 1874 very successful.
Largest factory in ___________, Massachusetts
Girls called ____________ girls

13. Lowell (cont)
Women encouraged to take classes, form women clubs, etc in free time
__________ ____________ wrote the magazine “Lowell Offering” about the mill
Girls generally stayed at the mill for ________ years.

14. Effects Long hours Life controlled by the ____________
__________ _______ caused health problems
Loud noise cause _____________ ________
Machines set at increasing higher speeds sometimes caused ___________ and ____________

15. Factory Goods ______________ priced than shop created goods
Produced ____________ than shop created goods
Competition between shop and factories cause ________________ in pay for workers

16. Trade Unions 1840’s- immigrants willing to work for _________ pay
Skilled workers face low wages and loss of jobs to ________________
Form __________ unions to protect jobs, improve __________ and working conditions
Employers didn’t want to hire _______ workers and believed the higher costs prevented competition
Labor- staged strikes for better ______________ and working conditions
Courts and police support companies not the workers

17. Sarah G. Bagley
1844- founded _____________ Female __________ ____________ Association
1845- elected vice-president of the New England Working ______________ Association
Goals
Fight for a _______ hour work day
End __________ labor
Improve working conditions

18. Section3

19. Transportation Revolution
Created a __________ in business
Reduced _______________ time and cost
Caused by
___________________
Steam-powered ____________

20. Steamboat
1803- ______________ _____________ created first full-sized commercial steamboat, _____________.
Traveled against the river current and didn’t rely on _____________ power
Increased ____________ because able to move goods quickly and cheaply
1850’s- carried people and goods across the _____________ ___________.

21. Gibbons vs Ogden Conflict over _________________ commerce
1819- Ogden sued Gibbons for operating in waters that Ogden said he owned. Gibbons said that his ____________ license gave him the right to use the _________ _______ waterways.
1824- case went to the ____________ _______
Decision- reinforced the federal governments authority to regulate trade between ____________
Ends monopolies

22. Railroads
1830- Peter Cooper-created a small locomotive, __________ _______________.
Race between train and horse drawn cart proved the power and speed of the ___________
1860- ______________ miles of track
Linked every major ___________
Hauled __________________ from manufactories and farms to distant markets
Became the most powerful business
Fastest form of __________________- people more worried over keeping to the schedule than staying on the track

23. Railroad- Changes
Brought ___________ to distant markets quicker and cheaper
Helped create a ________________ economy
Helped link ____________________ together
Wealth centered in the ____________
Contributed to the expansion of new businesses
Logging industry, newspapers, etc.
Contributed to the expansion of the __________ borders
Towns grew at railroad junctions and suffered if not connected by railroad
Brought new ____________ and ______________ materials
Created ________________ in the nation

24. Fuel Changes
_______________ used as primary fuel source in transportation and homes
Switch to _______________ because it produced twice as much energy as wood.
Began coal mining industry in _______, western _____________, and Illinois
New towns
Deep gashes in the earth
Used to heat new metal (___________)

25. Section 4
Technological Advances

26. Samuel F. B. Morse
Created the _______________- device that sent pulses of electric current through wire
Alfred Lewis Vail- developed _________ Code- system of dots and dashes to represent letters sent through the telegraph
People thought Morse was pretending to receive messages.
1844- sent news of the Democratic Conventions presidential candidate nomination to _______________, D.C. quickly
Began to follow the ________________ lines

27. Factories Switch from _________ power to _________ power
Move factories away from _____________
Easier access to workers so able to pay lower wages
__________________ shipping costs

28. John Deere 1837- designed a steel ___________
Enabled farmers to plow more land and grow more crops in the _______________

29. Cyrus McCormick
1831- created the mechanical ___________- harvesting machine
Gave demonstrations, advertised, repair and parts department, allowed farmers to buy on ______________
Allowed farmers to produce _____________ crops

30. Home Improvements Sewing Machine- invented by ________ ______
1830’s – ______________ were invented- store fresh food longer
1830’s – _____________ were invented
Cook ________ replaced cook fires and hearths.
1849- safety pin was invented by Walter Hunt
Mass production of goods also made other inventions affordable to the average person
____________
Alexis de Tocqueville- “{Americans want} to be always making life comfortable and convenient”