1. $ BIG $ BUSINESS $ $ $ $ $

2. Imagine you had so much money you could have anything you want
Imagine you had so much money you could have anything you want. What would you buy? $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

3. Imagine you had so much power you could do anything want
Imagine you had so much power you could do anything want. What would you do ? $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

4. $ BIG $ BUSINESS $ $ $ $ $

5. $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Vanderbilt Carnegie
Rockefeller $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

6. John D. Rockefeller
Oil Refining
Standard Oil Company
Cleveland, Ohio

7. The Rockefeller Mansion
Cleveland, Ohio

8. Rocks are found in the ground = oil is found in the ground
Rockefeller = oil
Think…
Rocks are found in the ground = oil is found in the ground

9. Carnegie Steel, later renamed United States Steel
Andrew Carnegie
Steel
Carnegie Steel, later renamed United States Steel
Pittsburgh, PA

10. The Carnegie Mansion

11. Carnegie = Steel
Think….
Cars are made from steel =

12. Shipping and Railroads New York Central Railroad
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Shipping and Railroads
New York Central Railroad
New York City, NY

13. Vanderbilt Mansion in Hyde Park, NY
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Vanderbilt Mansion in Hyde Park, NY

14. Vanderbilt = Railroad and Shipping Industry
Think……
Vanderbilt the Railroads
(Vanderbuilt) =
Vander

15. The Vanderbilt Mansion
Ashville, NC

16. $ BIG $ BUSINESS The Good :
Philanthropy – donating money to charities & the community.
$ BIG $ BUSINESS
The Bad:
Monopoly –
having control of a vast majority of a single industry.

17. $ BIG $ BUSINESS Political Cartoons

18. Philanthropy
-Who is portrayed here?
-What is the cartoon about?

19. -What is the cartoon about?
Philanthropy
-Who is portrayed here?
-What is the cartoon about?

21. “Standard-oil-octopus”

22. "The Bosses of the Senate"

25. -What is the cartoon about?
~ Monopoly ~
"King Rockefeller"
-Who is portrayed here?
-What is the cartoon about?

26. Captains of Industry Review
Carnegie
Rockefeller
Vanderbilt

27. Reasons for Rise in Big Business$ $ $ $ $ $

28. Immigrant Labor
Due to immigration, there was a larger availability of people ready to join the work force.

29. Lowered production costs
Assembly line:
Products made faster, cheaper, and more accessible to average consumer.

30. Faster transportation
New markets were created.
Trains reached small towns in addition to cities.

31. Easy access to materials and energy
Trains shipped raw materials and finished products.
Electricity ran machines more efficiently.

32. Inventions “Mechanization”
Example: The Mechanical Reaper- reduced farm labor needs and increased production.

33. Advertising More consumers = more profits. Creation of
mail order catalogs
and chain stores.

34. Sears, Roebuck Barn Mail Order Barn Chicago monolith Sears, Roebuck & Company was truly the farm family's friend, offering everything from girdles to guitars, baby chicks to barns through its voluminous mail-order catalog-which itself then served double-duty in the outhouse. These Sears barn kits included do-it yourself plans, doors, glass windows, and pre-cut fir, hemlock, and cypress boards that were numbered to aid easy assembly. As this ad proclaimed, "Just as the sickle has been replaced successively by the cradle, the self rake and the binder, so the old time, wasteful, not ready cut system of construction is being replaced by our modern and economical 'Honor Bilt' Already Cut buildings."

35. New ways to borrow money led to creation of new businesses.
Financial resources
New ways to borrow money led to creation of new businesses.
END.

36. I will be able to identify 3 major industries and their captains of industry during the “Gilded Age” using a memory tool I will create.
I will be able to elaborate on the reasons why large industries became monopolies during the late 1800s.
I will be able to create original sentences using my “Big Business” Vocabulary.
I will be able evaluate a primary resource (political cartoon) in order to approximate the opinion Americans had about monopolies during the “Gilded Age.”

37. You’ve got… M.A.I.L. !!!
“How did the rise of “big business” influence life on farms & in cities following the Civil War?” M A IL
Mechanization reduced farm labor needs and increased production. (ex: reaper) Access to consumer goods is provided by industrialization. (ex: mail order) Increased Labor is needed as industries develop in many cities.

38. Rise of Big Business $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Textbook Notes $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

39. Factors of Production Start on page 568
The period from the end of the Civil War and 1900 was an era of unmatched economic growth in the United States.

40. New methods of technology and business allowed the country to tap its rich supply of natural resources, increase its production, and raise the money needed for growth.

41. The growing transportation system made it easier for merchants to reach distant markets.

42. Among these resources are what economist call the factors of production: Land, Labor, Capital

43. Land: not just the land itself but all the natural resources

44. Labor: Large number of workers was needed to turn raw materials into goods.
This was met by the rapid growth of population.
Between 1860 and 1900; the population of the country more than doubled.

45. Capital: the equipment, buildings, machinery, and tools used in production. The term capital is also used to mean money for investment. Huge amounts of money were needed to finance industrial growth.

46. The Oil Business Page 569
The oil industry grew rapidly in the late 1800s.
John D. Rockefeller made his fortune from oil.
When Rockefeller was 26 years old, he and four partners set up an oil refinery (to process oil) in Cleveland, Ohio.

47. In 1870, Rockefeller organized the Standard Oil Company of Ohio and set out to dominate the oil industry.
He acquired most of the oil refineries in Cleveland and other cities.

48. The Standard Oil Trust
To strengthen Standard Oil’s position in the oil industry, Rockefeller lowered his prices to drive competition out of business. In addition he pressured customers not to deal with rival oil companies, and he persuaded the railroads to grant him rebates in exchange for his business.

49. The Steel Industry Page 570
Steel also became a huge business in the late 1800s.
Steel is a strong and long-lasting form of iron-treated with carbon- the ideal material for railroad tracks, bridges, and many other products.
Before 1860s steel was not widely used because it was expensive to manufacture. The development of new manufacturing techniques helped overcome this problem.

50. The Bessemer process, developed by Henry Bessemer changed the industry
The Bessemer process, developed by Henry Bessemer changed the industry. With new methods, mills could produce steel at affordable prices and in large quantities.

51. In the 1870s, large steel mills emerged close to the sources of iron ore in western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio.

52. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania became the steel capital of the United Sates.
The leading figure in the early years of the American steel industry was Andrew Carnegie, son of a Scottish immigrant.

53. Railroad Barons Go back to page 557
New Yorker, Cornelius Vanderbilt, one of the first Railroad barons, gained control of the New York Central Line and then made a fortune by consolidating several companies. His railroad empire stretched from New York City to the Great Lakes.

54. Railroad barons were aggressive and competitive
Railroad barons were aggressive and competitive. They lived in an age when few laws had been passed to regulate business and some of their methods were highly questionable.

55. Nevertheless, the railroad barons played an important part in building the nation’s transportation system.

56. Philanthropists Back to page 570
Andrew Carnegie, John Rockefeller, and other industrial millionaires of the time grew interested in philanthropy- the use of money to benefit the community.

57. The philanthropists founded schools, universities, and other civic institutions across the United States.

58. Carnegie donated $350 million to various organizations
Carnegie donated $350 million to various organizations. He built Carnegie Hall in New York City; the Carnegie Foundation for Advancement of Teaching; and more than 2,000 libraries worldwide.

59. Rockefeller used his fortune to establish the University of Chicago in 1890 and New York’s Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.

60. “BIG Business” Explore and Review Guided Reading Sheet

61. Reasons for the Rise in BIG BUSINESS in America:
ore

62. Factors that Resulted in the GROWTH OF INDUSTRY in America
ore

63. 2. How did mechanization influence both farm and city life
2. How did mechanization influence both farm and city life? List specific examples from the text.

64. 3. What did the creation of the mail order catalog mean for many Americans?
ore

66. 4. List the big business each “captain of industry” was known for.
• John D. Rockefeller:
• Andrew Carnegie:
Cornelius Vanderbilt:

67. 5. Describe what child labor was like in the late 1800s
5. Describe what child labor was like in the late 1800s. Make sure to describe at least 3 jobs children held.
ore

68. 6. How did workers respond to the negative effects of industrialization?
ore

69. 7. What was the American Federation of Labor and why did it form?
ore

70. 8. What was the cause of the “Homestead Strike” and what happened during the strike?
ore

71. 9. What result did the “Homestead Strike” have on the reputation of unions?
ore

72. 10. What was the purpose of the “Progressive Movement?”
ore

73. 11. Name 3 changes to the workplace as a result of “Progressive Movement” reforms.
Ore Mk l

74. THE END

75. Next Unit….

76. The Progressive Era

78. You’ve got… M.A.I.L. !!!
“How did the rise of “big business” influence life on the farm and in cities following the Civil War?” M A I L
1. _______________ ______________farm labor needs and ________ ________. (ex: reaper) 2. __________to _________ _________ is provided by industrialization. (ex: mail order) 3. ___________ _________is needed as industries develop in many ________.

79. Train Car Couplers