1. Industrialization Era

2. What do you know about the Industrial Revolution?

3. Graffiti Collages
Group supplies: one large blank paper & every member needs a different colored pen/marker
Task #1: When given the go,
each member will choose an open space closest to him/her and write and/or draw what he/she knows about the Industrial Revolution in SILENCE.
members will continue to write/draw until told to stop.
try your best…it’s okay to make mistakes.
DO NOT share with other groups.
Supplies:
Either a large 8x11 white paper at each desk or large white poster paper tacked on walls.
Students may use different colored pens or markers.
Groups:
Groups of 4 work best because they are writing at the same time. Groups of 6 are possible, but I wouldn’t go more.
Instructions:
Middle School students ALWAYS need reminders that they must be kind. You might hear: “That’s stupid!” or “terrible drawing”. Address these issues beforehand.
Walk around the room to keep the writing going. It usually takes about 3 minutes for each round. You may give ideas or prompts or encouragement.
I would rotate about 4 times. If I find that they haven’t exhausted the topic, I’ll go to more tables. I generally have 6 groups.

4. Task #2: When given the go,
each member, one at a time, will read/show their writings/drawings.
If there are known errors, changes should be made.
Additional information may be added.
Be kind and respectful.

5. Let’s Expand Our Knowledge!
Task #3: When given the go,
one member will read a group’s paper.
members will correct and/or add to a writing/drawing.
members will determine what is missing and add as much as they can until time has been called.
Be kind and respectful.
DO NOT talk to the group about its
paper.
Once the topic exhausted,
Collect the papers.
Go over a few items….Either confirm the accuracy, add/elaborate information, or ask prompting questions.

6. What is the American Dream?
Step 1: Two ways to present this:
Ask the question and allow students to answer.
Have students pair up. Give each student a minute to quietly think of the answer. Direct the first student they will have up to one minute to answer the question while the second student will just listen (no talking/asking questions, etc.) Then, give the second student a minute to answer the question while the other student remains quiet. Once done, allow a few students to answer the question.
Step 2:
Tell the students to listen to the video about “The American Dream”.
Video:

7. The American Dream The American Dream depends on the individual.
Historically, the American Dream is the opportunity for all people in America to have
a choice
basic freedoms
civil rights
protection
a chance toward success in whatever one chooses to do.
During the Industrial Era, the American Dream was alive and well.
Possible Class Questions:
What is your American Dream? (Allow students to write their answer on their notes.)
Is the American Dream still attainable today? Why or why not?
Transition to:
“The growth and eventual reform came from these American dreamers.”

8. The Early Industrial Revolution
From colonial days to the early 1800s, America was an agricultural society. Raw resources such as cotton and wood was either processed into goods such as clothing or furniture by hand or sent to England.
England had the mechanized tools to process these goods fast; however, these processed goods were expensive.
Samuel Slater also called the “Father of the American Industrial Revolution” emigrated to America in 1789 with the secret plans of a power-generated cotton spinning machine.
Video: Provides an overview of the Industrial Revolution. Tell students this will briefly introduce the Unit.
Possible Questions After Video:
What did you learn from this video?
What questions do you have?
Talking Points:
Slater also called “Slater the Traitor”
It was illegal in England to give invention/technology plans or bring inventions to other countries.
Slater knew that he could become successful in America with the invention and further inventions regarding cotton mills because American grew more than 2/3 of the world’s cotton.
Andrew Jackson coined the name, “Father of the American Industrial Revolution”
Additional Information about Samuel Slater:
Video:

9. Morse revolutionized telecommunications.
Slater wasn’t the only early industrialist in America in the early 1800s.
Eli Whitney’s patented cotton gin invention in 1794 quickly changed the cotton industry. The cotton yields doubled every decade.
However, Whitney’s invention of interchangeable parts revolutionized American manufacturing.
Video:
Samuel Morse, invented the telegraph in 1837 and with his assistant’s help, the Morse Code in 1837.
Morse revolutionized telecommunications.
Video:
North Carolina native, Richard Gatling, patented in 1862 his Gatling gun. This crank- operated machine gun helped changed the course of fighting in the Civil War and future wars.
Eli Whitney Possible Questions:
What did you learn about Eli Whitney?
Why would he be called a “pioneer of American manufacturing”?
Telegraph Possible Questions:
How did the telegraph revolutionized telecommunications? (Students will complete this question on their notes.)
How did the telegraph help the North during the Civil War?
Gatling Gun Possible Questions:
How did the Gatling gun make a difference in the Civil War?
What further inventions were influenced by the Gatling gun?

10. Cotton Gin: Actual cotton gin; picture taken at the African American History and Culture Smithsonian in Washington, DC; 2016

11. Early Railroad Systems in America
“The Golden Age of the Railroads” basically began in the 1880s and lasted to the early 1920s when cars and trucks use increased.
The first railroad system, the New Jersey Railroad Company was constructed in 1832 by Colonel John Stevens.
From then on, small investors throughout the Northwest and some areas in the West and South built railroad systems.
Several systems were not connected; thus making it difficult to transport goods quickly and cheaply.
But it wasn’t until the mass production of steel and a few entrepreneurs did the railroad system become profitable.
Possible Questions:
Why was the North successful in the Civil War in regards to railroads?
Why was the railroad systems not connected?
Why would the transportation of goods sometimes difficult?

12. “What are the characteristics of successful entrepreneurs
“What are the characteristics of successful entrepreneurs?” “How did electricity, and railroad and steel industries impact industrial growth?”
Go over the Lesson Focus:
“What are the characteristics of successful entrepreneurs?” AND “How did electricity, and railroad and steel industries impact industrial growth?”

13. Early Entrepreneurs
American entrepreneurs wanted to achieve their American Dream.
Based on the video, the “Traits of a Titan”, were:
Video:
Thomas Edison had more than 1,000 patents including perfecting the electric lightbulb in This subsequently led to the delivery of electricity in cities across the world.
Based on the video, “Thomas Edison”, Edison contributed to America:
Video:
Possible Pre-Video Questions:
What is an entrepreneur?
What characteristics and traits make an entrepreneur successful?
Video: “Traits of a Titan”
Students will watch the video and complete at least five traits of the entrepreneurs: Edison, Ford, Vanderbilt, Carnegie, Rockefeller, and JP Morgan.
Video: “Thomas Edison”
Students will watch the video and complete in their notes, “How Edison contributed to America”.

14. Andrew Carnegie Self-made tycoon in the steel industry
Owned the Carnegie Steel Corporation in 1889
Focused on owning entire process of steel industry including the raw resource (iron ore), ships and railroads for transport, and oil for the heating process.
Sold his business in 1901 to JP Morgan for $200 million & became the world’s richest man.
Gave away 90% of his fortune
Became a life-time philanthropist
Carnegie-Melon University
Carnegie Institute
Millions to libraries, schools, & scientific research.
Video:
Possible Pre-Video Questions:
What else do you know about Andrew Carnegie?
Would you give 90% of your money away?
Post Video Questions:
1. What else did you learn about Andrew Carnegie?

15. Cornelius Vanderbilt
Vanderbilt, also called “Commodore Vanderbilt” was a railroad and shipping tycoon.
Vanderbilt worked hard to make his millions, but he also was ruthless and combative.
In the early 1800s, he built a monopoly in the steamboat industry and eventually dominated the transcontinental steamship lines.
In the mid-1800s, he began monopolizing the railroad system.
Philanthropy: Vanderbilt University
Video:
Possible Post-Video Questions:
What else did you learn about Vanderbilt?
What was the problem with his monopolies? How did his monopolies help him?
Vanderbilt worth $215 billion dollars in 2016

16. “How did the assembly line and the oil industry impact industrial growth?” “Was JP Morgan’s strategy to create wealth beneficial to America?”

17. Alexander Graham Bell Scottish-born inventor of the telephone in 1876.
Further transformed telecommunications in the world.
Families could communicate from afar.
Goods could be ordered and therefore trading increased
Video:
Possible Post-Video Questions:
In what ways did Bell’s invention impact society?

18. Henry Ford Founder of the Ford Motor Company.
One Model T was produced every 24 seconds using his assembly line technology.
Increased the mass production of vehicles.
Assembly lines used in all types of manufacturing and processing of goods.
Video:
Possible Post-Video Questions:
In what types of industries would use the assembly line?
In what ways does the assembly line affect the economy?

19. John D. Rockefeller
One of the wealthiest industrialist who built the Standard Oil Company in the mid-1800s.
Through the mass purchasing of smaller oil companies, he successfully monopolized the oil industry in 1882.
His monopolizing techniques led to the government’s passing of anti-trust laws.
Later in his life, he became a philanthropist by donating millions to education and the arts.
The University of Chicago, Rockefeller University, and Rockefeller Foundation still benefit from his millions.
Video:
Possible Post-Video Questions:
How did his Standard Oil Company impact the development of the country?
Why did his company have to be disbanded?

20. J.P. Morgan
Morgan came from a privilege background as his father was in the banking industry.
J.P. Morgan was one of the wealthiest men in America during the Industrial Revolution.
He amassed his wealth by helping fund early industrialists and the eventual purchases of the Carnegie Steel Company, railroad systems, and General Electric.
“If you have to ask how much it costs, you can't afford it.
Video:
Possible Pre-Video Questions:

21. Monopolies and Muckrakers

22. Monopolies
A monopoly is when a company controls most if not all of a desired product.
Monopolies happen when a company buys its competition and/or lowers its product’s cost so the competition can’t compete.
Monopolies are great for the company as it can make millions because the product is in demand and it can be sold at a high cost.
Monopolies do not allow competition. Competition benefits the consumer because he/she gets a higher quality product at a lower price.
Monopolies do not allow other Americans to be prosperous.
Possible Pre-Video Questions:

23. Muckrakers
Muckrakers, investigative reporters, who exposed the horrors of working and living conditions as well as the problems with monopolies, were successful in getting reforms during the later half of the Industrialization Era.
This time eventually became known as the Progressive Era.
Muckraker, Ida Tarbell, investigated the Standard Oil Company and accused the company in using unfair tactics to put smaller oil companies out of business.
The government took note, and the company was forced to break up as the Supreme Court in 1911, ruled that the Standard Oil Company violated the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
Possible Lesson Extension:
Excerpts from Ira Tarbell’s investigation of the Standard Oil Company.
Analysis of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.

24. Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Congress passed the Sherman Anti-Trust Act in 1890.
The Act prohibited trusts.
A trust occurs when a company of several owners (trustees) that collectively purchase their competition so that they create one large company. This will therefore create a monopolistic company.
In 1914, the Clayton Antitrust Act was added to include topics such as price discrimination, price fixing and unfair business practices.
Video:
Teacher Questions:
Why was the Sherman Anti-Trust Act helpful?
Why was the Clayton Anti-Trust Act important?
Extension: Are there any modern monopolies? Have any of them been disbanded?

25. Transfer to Immigration PPT

26. “Was the rapid rate of industrialization worth the safety of its workers? “How can citizens create change?”

27. Graffiti Collages
Your Subtopics Go Here

28. Working Conditions
Employers were not required by law to protect their workers from safety hazards such as providing health insurance, clean air, adequate lighting, non-slip floors, and protective ear and eye gear.
Employers could fire anyone without cause, pay anything they wanted, and work their employers for any amount of hours.
People were severely injured or even died in the workplace and they could do nothing about it.
Muckrakers went undercover into these workplaces and documented these horrors.
Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle exposed the dirty secrets which helped the government to create laws to protect the American worker.

29. Labor Unions
The main purpose of labor unions are to be the voice of employees to ensure they have good working conditions and are treated fairly.
Labor Unions are organized institutions with trained speakers who speak for the employees. They are generally paid by employee monthly dues.
Samuel Gompers helped formed the American Federation of Labor in 1887.
Gompers was successful in achieving better working conditions through negotiations with the employers.
Union leaders negotiate with employers and sometimes, use the threat of striking to get what they want.

30. Government Laws Pure Food and Drug Act (1906): labeling
Meat Inspection Act (1906): meat inspection
Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914): price discrimination, price fixing and unfair business practices
Keating-Owen Child Labor Act (1916): child labor restrictions
Federal Employee’s Compensation Act (1916): federal workers to receive compensation if hurt on the job

31. City Life
Most factories were in the cities such as in Chicago, New York, and Philadelphia.
Many people flocked from the Southern farms looking for jobs in the cities. Immigrants came too.
Housing was limited and many cities became over-crowded, dirty, and dangerous.
There were no housing regulations so several tenements were quickly built.
Tenements lacked fire exits, electricity, insulation, and bathrooms.
Cities eventually added sewer systems, housing regulations, and transportation systems.

32. “How did the Industrialization Era impact North Carolina
“How did the Industrialization Era impact North Carolina?” “Is yellow journalism ethical?”

33. New Industry in North Carolina
Mills and Towns built
Textiles
By 1900, NC was 2nd largest producer of cotton textiles
Tobacco
American Tobacco Company
James B. Duke
Furniture
High Point Furniture Manufacturing Company

34. Education Improvements in NC
4-month school term
Students age 6-21
New funding
Local taxes
General Assembly
High schools started
New school districts
Help not given to schools for African-Americans
Schools fell behind

35. African-Americans in NC
Wilmington, 1898
Violence between white and African-American citizens
Started after a series of newspaper articles
Ended Republican rule in NC
Begins segregation in NC
Jim Crow laws
Sets up segregation
Division based on race
School, public places (water fountains, transportation, etc.)

36. African Americans in NC
Plessy vs. Ferguson
US Supreme Court legalizes segregation
“separate but equal” is Constitutional
Citizens could be separated based on race as long as they were given equal facilities
Voting limitations
Poll tax
Pay fee to vote
Higher fee for African-Americans
Literacy test
Pass reading test to vote
Grandfather clause
If your grandfather could not vote, you could not vote.

37. Spanish-American War
The Spanish-American War was a conflict between America and Spain in It only lasted a few months.
It began with the bombing the USS Maine that was docked in the Havana harbor.
Some claim that yellow journalism caused the war.
From the video, I have learned:
Video:
Teacher Notes:
After watching the video, ask students what they learned from the video. Correct any errors and add anything they missed.