1. ACTIVE DEFENSE Leveraging Threat Intelligence in the Enterprise
USING HBGARY’S
ACTIVE
DEFENSE

2. HBGary Enterprise software product company 7 years old
Experts on malicious software threats
Products:
Integrations:
Active Defense
Digital DNA™ (patent pending)
Responder
Recon
FastDump
EnCase Enterprise
McAfee ePO

3. Evolving Risk
Most intellectual property and valuable data is stored online digitally within the Enterprise
Attackers are motivated and well funded
Cyber-weapons work, existing security solutions don’t, end of story.

4. Security Efficacy Curve
Efficacy is rising
DDNA
Detecting more than not (> 50%)
ZERO KNOWLEDGE DETECTION RATE
Detecting very little
Signatures
And scaling issue getting worse

5. HBGary’s Approach Focus on malicious behavior, not signatures
There are only so many ways to do something bad on a Windows machine
Bad guys don’t write 50,000 new malware every morning
Their techniques, algorithms, and protocols stay the same, day in day out
Once executing in physical memory, the software is just software
Physmem is the best information source available

6. The Big Picture
Detect bad guys using a smallish genome of behaviors – and this means zeroday and APT – no signatures required
Followup with strong incident response technology, enterprise scalable
Back this with very low level & sophisticated deep-dive capability for attribution and forensics work

7. Active Defense Detect Advanced Malware & Persistent Threat
No prior knowledge of the threat required
Powered by Digital DNA™
Obtain actionable intelligence
Registry keys & files
URL’s used for communication
Actionable = make your existing investment more effective
- Detect & block at the network perimeter
IDS signatures, egress firewalls
- Clean machines of infection
Ideal: No re-image costs

8. The Power of Action Using Responder + REcon, HBGary was able to trace
Aurora malware and obtain actionable intel in about 5 minutes.
This intel was then used to create an inoculation shot,
downloaded over 10,000 times over a few days time.
To automatically attempt a clean operation:
*******************************************
InoculateAurora.exe -range clean

9. Active Defense Detection of unknown threats
Obtain actionable intelligence
Update IDS and egress, detect & block
Clean machines
Remission Monitoring
Use regkeys and files is possible to
Clean infection without re-image
Use URL’s, IP’s, and protocol strings

10. A different team of humans
Large Govt. Customer
Proventia IDS
alerts
Team of Humans
alerts we care about
Remote memory snapshots, DDNA, Responder
A different team of humans
IF infected=true
Image box with EnCase
Include malware data in report
Update Proventia IDS

11. Large Energy Company (I)
WebSense
Detected compromised VPN server
alerts
Query: “Find admin_epo interactive logins”
Manual Log Analysis revealed compromised account
RawVolume.File Where
Path
contains
Documents and Settings\admin_epo
Compromised account was admin_epo
- Domain admin privs
Look for a known file path that indicates account was used for an interactive logon
Scan for interactive logons of the admin_epo account
~800 server machines
12 compromised servers detected, apprx 1 hour later

12. Large Energy Company (II)
Find indicators of compromise
EnCase
EnCase used to scan filesystems:
Found suspicious DLL in temp directory
Found Cain and Abel password sniffer
12 server machines
Find indicators of compromise
Active Defense
Query: “Find logger.dll”
Thousands of machines
RawVolume.File Where
BinaryData
contains
“logontype: %s”
Query: “Find cain password sniffer”
RawVolume.File Where
Path
equals
%SYSTEMROOT%\system32\drivers\winpcap.sys
Query: “Find logger.dll in memory”
Physmem.Process Where
BinaryData
contains
“logontype: %s”
Found machines are re-imaged user account passwords were reset.

13. Intel Value Window Lifetime  Minutes Hours Days Weeks Months Years
Blacklists
Digital DNA
NIDS sans address
Developer Toolmarks
Signatures
Algorithms
Hooks
Protocol
Install
DNS name
IP Address
Checksums

14. Active Defense
Technical Discussion

15. Alert!

16. Hmm..

17. Active Defense Queries
What happened?
What is being stolen?
How did it happen?
Who is behind it?
How do I bolster network defenses?

18. Active Defense Queries

19. Active Defense Queries
QUERY: “detect use of password hash dumping”
Physmem.BinaryData CONTAINS PATTERN “B[a-fA-F0-9]{32}:B[a-fA-F0-9]{32}“
QUERY: “detect deleted rootkit”
(RawVolume.File.Name = “mssrv.sys“ OR RawVolume.File.Name = “acxts.sys“)
AND RawVolume.File.Deleted = TRUE
QUERY: “detect chinese password stealer”
LiveOS.Process.BinaryData CONTAINS PATTERN “LogonType: %s-%s“
QUERY: “detect malware infection san diego”
LiveOS.Module.BinaryData CONTAINS PATTERN “.aspack“ OFFSET < 1024 OR
RawVolume.File.BinaryData CONTAINS PATTERN “.aspack“ OFFSET < 1024
No NDA no Pattern…

20. Enterprise Systems Digital DNA for McAfee ePO
Digital DNA for HBGary Active Defense
Digital DNA for Guidance EnCase Enterprise
Digital DNA for Verdaysys Digital Guardian
Traditional methods to analyze memory and malware are difficult. It requires expertise, is time consuming and expensive, and it doesn’t scale. 20

21. Integration with McAfee ePO
Responder
Professional
ePO
Console
ePO
Server
ePO
Agents
(Endpoints)
DDNA is automatically installed across the enterprise by ePO. We give a ePO a couple of zip files. ePO installs HBGary code onto the ePO server and onto each endpoint. The ePO scheduler tells DDNA when to run on each endpoint. We run, examine memory, create DDNA alerts, hand the alerts and traits to the ePO agent which sends them to the ePO SQL server. The DDNA alerts are displayed on the ePO console. DDNA is not installed as an agent. It is a command line utility that loads runs when ePO tells it to. After executing DDNA exits memory. ePO’s AV, firewall and HIDS runs 24x7 as a service. DDNA runs at a point in time to find malware.
Schedule
SQL
Events
HBG Extension
HBGary DDNA

23. Fuzzy Search

24. Steal Credentials
Outlook Password
Generic stored passwords

25. All the file types that are exfiltrated
Steal Files
All the file types that are exfiltrated

26. Drop-point is in Reston, VA in the AOL netblock

27. Digital DNA™
Technical Discussion

28. Digital DNA™ Performance
4 gigs per minute, thousands of patterns in parallel, NTFS raw disk, end node
2 gig memory, 5 minute scan, end node
Hi/Med/Low throttle
= 10,000 machine scan completes in < 1 hour

29. Under the hood
These images show the volume of decompiled information produced by the DDNA engine. Both malware use stealth to hide on the system. To DDNA, they read like an open book.

30. Ranking Software Modules by Threat Severity Software Behavioral Traits
Digital DNA™
Ranking Software Modules by Threat Severity
0B 8A C2 05 0F F B ED C D
8A C2
Malware shows up as a red alert. Suspicious binaries are orange. For each binary we show its underlying behavioral traits. Examples of traits might be “packed with UPX”, “uses IRC to communicate”, or “uses kernel hooking with may indicate a presence of a rootkit”. The blue bar shows the Digital DNA sequence for the binary iimo.sys.
0F 51
0F 64
Software Behavioral Traits

31. B[00 24 73 ??]k ANDS[>004] C”QueueAPC”{arg0:0A,arg}
What’s in a Trait?
04 0F 51
B[ ??]k ANDS[>004] C”QueueAPC”{arg0:0A,arg}
The rule is a specified like a regular expression, it matches against automatically reverse engineered details and contains boolean logic. These rules are considered intellectual property and not shown to the user.
Unique hash code
Weight / Control flags
The trait, description, and underlying rule are held in a database

32. White listing on disk doesn’t prevent malware from being in memory
Internet Document
PDF, Active X, Flash
Office Document, Video, etc…
DISK FILE
IN MEMORY IMAGE
Public Attack-kits have used memory-only injection for
over 5 years
OS Loader
White listing on disk doesn’t prevent malware from being in memory
MD5 Checksum
is white listed
Whitelisting typically works by have a list of good hashes with the assumption that you’re loading only good binaries for execution into memory. But bad code can get injected into good programs. White listing does not mean secure code. DDNA will find the bad injected code.
White listed code does not mean secure code
Process is trusted

33. Digital DNA defeats packers
IN MEMORY IMAGE
Packer #1
Packer #2
Decrypted
Original
OS Loader
Digital DNA defeats packers
Starting Malware
As you know most malware is packed. The bad guy does this to avoid detection. For every packer used, you need another signature. But a program must unpack itself in memory to execute. Its underlying behaviors remain the same, so its DDNA remains the same.
Packed
Malware
Digital DNA remains consistent

34. Same malware compiled in three different ways
DISK FILE
IN MEMORY IMAGE
Same malware compiled in three different ways
OS Loader
If the same malware is compiled e different ways you would need 3 different hashes or signatures to see it. DDNA still detects because the program is logically the same and has the same behaviors.
MD5 Checksums
all different
Digital DNA remains consistent

35. The Future Vision
Technical Discussion

36. Immune System Digital DNA™ Sweeps Threat Real-time protection
Indicators of Compromise
Inoculation Sweep (scheduled)
Inoculation Shot
Behavior Blocking (antibody)
Long-term protection
(6-12 month lifecycle)