1. New High Performance Resin for Thermoplastic Liners
Zach Stearman, LJ Guillotte, Juan Cangas
Lightning Rod & Pipe, Can-Altek International

2. Thermoplastic Liner Basics
Plastic resin is extruded to pipe profile
Mechanically bonded to the interior of the tubing
Protects against wear and corrosion
Eliminates the need for rod guides
Many different resins are used for different environments

3. Benefits of Lined Tubing
Extends the life of rods and tubing by eliminating rod on tubing wear
Protects tubing from abrasion from solids
Resistant to all chemicals found in well fluid including H2S and CO2
Eliminates the need for rod guides in rod pumping applications
Does not crack or chip like other coatings
Flexible to withstand deviation in the wellbore
More economic than some other technologies such as boronized tubing

4. Thermoplastic Liner History
Used in downhole applications for over twenty years
Initially designed for injection wells, but quickly adapted because of success in mitigating rod on tubing wear
High-density Polyethylene (HDPE) was the first resin used
Soft, permeable
Low temperature
High Performance resins developed to meet the needs of more challenging environments
Superior performance
Very high cost

5. Thermoplastic Resin Liner Options
General Specifications
Material Type
Max Temp.
Dimensions
H2S
CO2
Cost
HDPE
140° F
2 3/8" - 4 1/2" 2%
10% $
HDPE - Modified
210° F $$
POK - Modified
240° F 5%
20%
PPS - Modified
340° F
$$$$
PEEK
500° F
$$$$$

6. History of POK use in the Oil Industry
Originally developed by Shell as “Carilon” for offshore corrosion control and chemical resistance
Resin production was discontinued in 2000, and the technology was sold to Hyosung
Initially, Hyosung’s POK had a maximum continuous operating temperature of 210˚F.
2015 Hyosung and Lightning Rod & Pipe developed and tested the raised temperature POK resin for use in O&G down hole applications having a continuous working temperature of 240˚F.

7. Polyolefin Ketone Resin (POK)
Unique engineering plastic with a carbon-only backbone
Highly crystalline with a compact crystal structure
Stable at high temperatures
Has excellent abrasion/chemical/fuel resistance
Gas barrier properties
Its linear molecular chains are perfectly alternating carbon monoxide and alpha olefin structures
Physical and chemical properties make the resin well suited for downhole applications

8. Results from POK lab testing
Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) 220° F allows for high continuous operating temperature
High Melting Point of 222° C (433° F)
Excellent permeation performance – Wet H2S and CO2
Resistance to Attack or Swelling
Hydrocarbons, Ketones, Esters and Ethers, Inorganic Salts, Acid/Base
Mechanically Resilient
Excellent Ductility broad temperature range
Elongation and Impact
Hydrolysis Resistance

9. Properties of Polyketone
Physical Properties
Test Methods
Unit
Value
Density
ASTM D792
g/cm3
1.24
Water Absorption
23˚ C, 50RH
ASTM D570 %
0.5
Mechanical Properties
Tensile Strength at Yield
23˚
ASTM D638
MPa 56
Nominal Strain at Break
270
Flexural Strength
ASTM D790 48
Flexural Modulus
GPa
1.2
Thermal Properties
Test Method
Melting Temperature
ASTM D3418 ˚C
222
Heat Deflection Temperature
ASTM D648
104

10. Mechanical Properties at Extreme Temperatures
Tensile Property
(ASTM D638)
POK
PA11
BESNO P40TL
PVDF
Kynar 710
Solef 1010
HDPE
PE3408
Modulus, Kpsi
484.6
170.7
368.4
402.4
303.6
Yield Stress, psi
12380
6815
11320
11210
5889
Yield strain, %
13.3
34.8
6.98
7.27
10.1
at 120℃
Tensile Property
(ASTM D638)
POK
PA11
BESNO P40TL
PVDF
Kynar 710
Solef 1010
HDPE
PE3408
Modulus, Kpsi
86.00
19.13
76.16
76.20
15.99
Yield Stress, psi
5600 -
2934
3064
Yield strain, %
22.97
12.3
12.8

11. Young’s Modulus, Mpa (kpsi)
Chemical Resistance
POK samples (tensile bars taken from extruded liner) exposed at various temperatures for 4 month
Exposure
Temp. ℃
Young’s Modulus, Mpa (kpsi)
Yield Stress, Mpa (psi)
Elongation at Yield, %
Control
exposed 20
1274
(183)
1173
(169)
61.6
(8863)
57.6
(8288)
33.8
34.4 40
1042
(150)
989
(142)
56.0
(8057)
54.4
(7827)
35.7
32.2 60
693
(100)
978
(141)
50.4
(7252)
54.8
(7885)
36.8
29.6 80
593
(85)
837
(120)
45.8
(6590)
50.7
(7295)
37.4
30.2
100
505
(72.7)
664
(95)
41.0
(5899)
40.2
(5784)
38.3
20.3
120
413
(59)
525
(75)
36.4
(5237)
30.3
(4360)
34.9
15.2
* Multicomponent Liquid: Benzene 1%; Toluene 7%; Xylene 11%; Cyclopentenes 6%; Cyclohexanes 6%; C4-C5 17%; C6-C10 42%; C11 10%

12. Chemical Resistance

13. Chemical Resistance
Tensile Properties of POK after exposure to Nelson Fluid at 105˚C
Exposure Time, days
Modulus, MPa
Yield Stress, MPa
Yield Strain, %
Break Stress, MPa
Break Strain, %
Volume Change, %
Weight Change, %
1,699 62 22 84
322 -- 2
718 52 36
217
7.0
5.3 34
754 53 30 61
218
6.4
4.7 92
676 55 57 49
4.6
230 39 56
114
6.5
5.0
* Multicomponent Liquid: Benzene 1%; Toluene 7%; Xylene 11%; Cyclopentenes 6%; Cyclohexanes 6%; C4-C5 17%; C6-C10 42%; C11 10%

14. Swell Resistance

15. Impact Strength, ft-lb/in
Chemical Resistance
Tensile Properties of POK after exposure to Multicomponent Fluid, 90 days, 120˚C, 2800 psi
Hardness, Shore D
Peak Load,
lbf
Flexural Strength, ksi
Modulus,
ksi
Yield Stress,
Elongation at Yield, %
Tensile Stress, ksi
Elongation at Break, %
Unexposed
75.2
38.6
9.10
204
7.84 18 28
Exposed, 60 days, 110˚C, 2500 psi
27.1
6.80
139
8.383
Exposed, 90 days, 120˚C, 2800 psi
76.6
33.3
9.53
233
8.211
8.222 34
Width, in
Depth Under Notch, in
Impact Energy, ft-lb
Impact Strength, ft-lb/in
Unexposed
75.2
38.6
9.10
204
Exposed, 90 days, 120˚C, 2800 psi
76.6
33.3
9.53
233
* Multicomponent Fluid: 33% water + 42% Hydrocarbon (Aromatic, Aliphatic – Benzene 1%, Toluene 7%, Xylene 11%, Cyclopentene 6%, Cyclohexane 6%, C4-C5 17%, C6-C10 42%, C11 10%) + 25% “Ph4” Gas (CO2 10%, H2S 5%, CH4 85%)

16. Abrasion Resistance Certified test center (external agencies)
Test Method: ASTM G 137
With the pressure on the block, total abrasion on the ring which rotates is measured
The conditions:
Temperature of specimen (Room temp. or ˚C). Rotational speed of rings (0.01~2m/s).
Pressure on the block (5~30Mpa)
Specimen Standard: Ring (50mm Dia. X 28mm width, Block (6.35mm x 12.7)
Wear-resistant test in room temp.
Allowable limit temp.: 225˚C

17. Abrasion Resistance External Agencies (Certified test center)
Resin on Resin (same materials)
Same Condition except maintaining 0.1 MPa
Under 1.5m/s, 0.1MPa Condition, PK abrasion loss is the lowest among the test materials.
Linear wear rate,
um/h
Material
380 rpm
470 rpm
570 rpm
Rotation speed, m/s
Case I.
Case II.
Case III.
Condition
Block
Ring
Abrasion loss
(um/hr)
Pressure (MPa)
Speed
m/s
(rpm)
Temp(℃)
Time
(hr)
POK 1
POM
164
PA66 66
0.1
1.00
(380) 23 21
202
156
1.25
(470) 86
263
466
1.50
(570)
Materials : POK = M630A base resin, POM = Duracon M90-44 base resin, PA66 = Zytel 101 base resin
PK is inferior than other materials under over 1.5m/s, 0.1MPa Condition.
Abrasion loss (1.75m/s, 0.1MPa) : PK=1,078um/h, POM=619um/h, PA66=1,135um/h
Abrasion loss (1m/s, 0.175MPa) : PK=48,226um/h, POM=49um/h, PA66=149um/h 17

18. Gas Barrier Properties
CH4 Permeation Rate
HDPE
PA11
Unit : 109 cm3 – cm/cm2s bar

19. Initial Field Trials Install Date Customer Location Previous Run Time
Run Time to Date
8/29/2016
Customer A
Midland County
6 month maximum
267 days
9/29/2016
Customer B
Reeves County
6 month average
236 days
11/17/2016
90 day average
187 days
12/8/2016
New Install
166 days
2/3/2017
Customer C
109 days
3/13/2017
71 days

20. Conclusion
POK is a new high performance resin that is being extruded to increase the life of artificially lifted wells
Meets temperature needs for hot oiling at a much lower cost than other high performance resins
Excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, abrasion resistance, and barrier properties
Field trials are underway and initial results are promising

21. Thank you! Hyosung Corporation Can-Altek International
Southwest Research Institutes
SWPSC Association
Audience for listening!