1. Sketch by Listening
1. Get into pairs
2. Member A turn your back to the board now – don’t look at the board!
3. Member B describes the object on the next slide so the first member can sketch it as accurately as possible.
Describe as much as possible but NOT the shape name – this is taboo

2. Sketch by Listening
3 Minutes

3. Passenger Safety

4. Objectives Learners will be able to:
Identify trends changes in road deaths
Calculate impact forces
List two methods of improving safety
State safety precautions for airbag work
State the operation of 1 crash sensor type

5. Annual Road Death UK Year Killed Serious injury Slight injury
Total injury
2015
1,732
22,137
162,340
186,209
2014
1,775
22,807
169,895
194,477
2013
1,713
21,657
160,300
181,957
2012
1,754
23,039
170,930
193,969
2011
1,901
23,122
178,927
203,950
2010
1,857
20,803
185,995
206,798
2009
2,222
24,690
195,234
222,146
2008
2,538
26,000
202,333
228,000
2007
2,946
28,000
217,060
245,000
2006
3,172
29,000
226,559
255,000
2005
3,201
238,862
268,000
2004
3,221
31,000
278,000
2003
3,508
34,000
253,000
287,000
2002
3,431
36,000
263,000
299,000
2001
3,450
37,000
273,000
310,000
2000
3,409
38,000
279,000
317,000
1999
3,423
39,000
1998
3,421
41,000
281,000
322,000
1997
3,599
324,000
1990
5,217
60,000
275,000
336,000
1980
5,953
323,000
1970
7,499
356,000
1966
7,985
1960
6,970
341,000
1950
5,012
49,000
148,000
196,000
1941
9,169
1940
8,609
1930
7,305
178,000
1926
4,886

6. Compulsory motor cycle helmets has had a big effect on road deaths?
True or False
20 Seconds

7. Keep the passenger in the car.

11. A car with a mass of 2000 kg drives in speed 60 km/h (16
A car with a mass of 2000 kg drives in speed 60 km/h (16.7 m/s) before it crashes in a massive concrete wall. The front of the car impacts 0.5 m (the slow down distance). The impact force can be calculated as
F = 1/2 (2000 kg) (16.7 m/s)2 / (0.5 m)    
= 558 kN
16.7 x 16.7 =
278.78
÷ 0.5 = N
558 x1000 =
N = 558 kN

12. Now carry out the same calculation for a man weighing 80kg at the same speed.
22.3kN

17. What the law says about seat belt use.

18. Seat Belts Seat belts restrain passengers during an accident.
Made from tough nylon straps.
Buckles lock & unlock easily and securely.
Spring
Spool
Belt
Retractors hold belt under slight tension.
Next >

19. Seat Belts
Seat belts are used to restrain passengers in their seats during an accident. They are made from tough nylon straps.
The seat belt buckle provides a strong locking mechanism, but must also be easy to lock and unlock.
Seat belts have a retractor that ensures the belt is constantly kept under slight tension.
When the belt is removed, the retractor automatically recoils the strap out of the way.

20. Seat Belts Seat belt reminder systems ensure seat belt is fastened.
Warning lamp is illuminated when seat belt is not fastened.
Activated by buckle and seat switches.
Audible warning systems may be used.
Pre-tension systems keep the seat belt tensioned, in the event of a crash.
Next >

21. What is the purpose of the seat belt?
Keep the driver in his seat
Help the drive keep control
Stop drive/passenger from hit the screen
Stop the driver falling out of the door
20 Seconds

22. The most common penalty for not using a seat belt?
£100 fixed penalty notice
£100 fixed penalty notice & 3 points
£60 fixed penalty notice
£500 fine and 3 points
30 Seconds

23. LJ Software
36-65 Body Chapter 16 Legal requirements Seat Belts

24. Crumple Zone

26. Supplementary Restraint System

27. Introduction Airbags help prevent injury in an accident
Reasons for airbag handling:
Airbag has been deployed.
Need to remove steering wheel.
Dashboard needs removing.
Airbag warning lamp is lit.
Next >

28. Basic Airbag Safety
Serious injury may occur if airbag is accidentally deployed.
Never have face or body directly in front of airbag.
Never put arms through steering wheel spokes.
ESD wrist strap may be required to prevent electrical voltage deploying airbag.
Wear safety glasses/goggles and latex gloves.
Next >

29. Airbag Disarming Must disarm airbag when working on airbag system.
30 mins
Specific instructions will be different, but typical procedures are:
Remove negative battery terminal.
Remove airbag system fuse.
Disconnect airbag connector at steering column base.
Allow energy reserve module to fully discharge.
Next >

30. Carrying an Airbag Care must be taken with un-deployed (live) airbags:
Ensure eye protection is worn.
Keep trim (bag) away from body.
Do not drop or strike airbag.
Place airbag on bench with trim (bag) pointing upward.
Next >

31. Handling a Deployed Airbag
Airbag module powder can cause skin irritation avoid contact.
Tape-up airbag vent holes before removing deployed airbag.
Vacuum passenger compartment to remove powder.
Next >

32. Airbag Storage and Disposal
Store un-deployed (live) airbags in a safety cabinet.
Un-deployed airbags must be deployed before they are disposed of.
Place deployed airbags in a sealed plastic bag and dispose of following manufacturer and your companies procedures.
Next >

33. If no manufactures data is available how long to discharge air bag after disconnecting battery?
10 minutes
Half an hour
20 minutes
5 minutes
30 Seconds

34. When handling a discharged air bag?
Airbag module powder can cause skin irritation avoid contact.
Tape-up airbag vent holes before removing deployed airbag.
Vacuum passenger compartment to remove powder.
All of the above
30 Seconds

35. Lets go to the Workshop
Safety
Stay behind barrier
Ear Protection

36. Air Bag Air bag system contains: Impact Sensors. Safing Sensor.
Control Module.
Air Bag Module.
Air bag inflates after large impact.
Protects driver and passengers.
Air bag lamp on during system self test or fault present.
Next >

37. Impact Sensors Impact sensors detect impact and trigger air bag.
Mounting direction
Mounting bracket
Sensor
A typical vehicle has 2 impact sensors and 1 safing sensor.
The air bag is triggered by the safing sensor and either impact sensor.
Epoxy
Wire to control module
The safing sensor must activate first.
Next >

38. Impact Sensors
Sensor
Impact sensors are used to trigger the air bag. They operate when there is a collision force equal to running into a brick wall at 10 to 15 miles per hour.
Mounting bracket
Typically, a vehicle has 3 sensors. Two impact sensors are located forward of the passenger compartment. One safing sensor is located in various locations in the passenger compartment.
Mounting direction
In order for the air bag to inflate, the safing sensor and at least one impact sensor must be triggered.
Wire to control module
The rear safing sensor must close first to avoid accidental deployment of the airbag.
Epoxy

39. Front Sensors
A front sensor is a mechanical switch that is closed when it
detects a forward deceleration at a rate sustained by a
vehicle that is involved in a serious front end collision.
Most sensors activate when the deceleration is greater than 4 g.

40. Front Sensors
A front sensor is a mechanical switch that is closed when it
detects a forward deceleration at a rate sustained by a
vehicle that is involved in a serious front end collision.
Most sensors activate when the deceleration is greater than
4 g.

41. Front Sensors

42. Front Sensors

43. Front Sensors

44. Front Sensors
Inertia Force

45. Front Sensors
electrical contact
fixed stop
offset mass
attached to plate
electrical contact
plate
spring

46. Front Sensors
Inertia Force
inertia force due
to deceleration
contacts close

47. Types of Impact Sensors
Magnet and Ball Sensor
Ball
Magnet
Contact
Vehicle direction
The magnet holds the ball in position.
Spring
Upon impact, the ball flies against the contact, completing the circuit.
Coil Spring Sensor
The spring holds the ball in position.
Upon impact, the ball flies against the contact, completing the circuit.
Next >

49. Centre sensor - Usually this is a solid state sensor that
maintains its characteristics for a long period of time.
Typically it is a cantilever onto which is attached a pair
of strain gauges; these are connected to a Wheatstone
bridge circuit.

50. Safety Sensor - This sensor is designed to prevent
unintentional ignition of the airbag. It is activated at a
comparatively low rate of deceleration and is connected
in series with the power supply; the airbag will only inflate
when the safety sensor switch is closed. This is usually
a mercury type sensor.

51. Capacitor - A capacitor, charged by the battery, provides
the system with electrical energy for about 150ms when
a collision causes an interruption in the battery supply.

52. Air bag ignition module - The brain of this module is a
microprocessor. Since front and centre sensors are all
connected in parallel, any impact detected by any one
of these sensors is signalled to the processor. The
processor will ignite the squib when the safety switch
is closed and the input data compares with the
programmed crash data stored in its ROM memory.

53. Diagnosis and memory module - This works in conjunction
with the SRS indicator lamp. When the ignition is switched
on, the SRS lamp is illuminated for about 5 seconds to show
that the system is serviceable. If no malfunction is detected
the safety circuit is deactivated and the squib is made ready
for ignition. When the vehicle is in use, the system is being
continuously monitored. If a fault is detected the light will be
illuminated and a fault code stored.

54. Fault Diagnosis - The ECU has a self diagnosing and code
storage facility. These codes are accessed by a reader.
In view of the dangers with tests and repairs of the SRS
system, it is essential that the manufacturers instructions are
read and followed.
All components should be renewed when activated.

55. Electronic Control Module
Monitors inputs from safing and impact sensors.
Triggers air bag(s), when appropriate.
Self tests circuits to find possible faults.
Incorporates backup power supply.
Next >

56. Air Bag Module
Usually positioned within centre of steering wheel and glove compartment.
Contains igniter, gas generating pellets and air bag.
Igniter fires pellets which produce a large volume of nitrogen gas.
Gas fills air bag in 50ms.
Gas pellets
Igniter
Air bag
Air bag deflates soon afterwards to allow movement.
Steering wheel
Next >

58. Extra Safety Features
SIPS detects side impacts and triggers air bag in seat.
WHIPS = special seat to protect neck and back.
Inflatable curtains to protect head.
Next >

59. Seat Belt Pre-Tensioners

63. Objectives Learners will be able to:
Identify trends changes in road deaths
Calculate impact forces
List two methods of improving safety
State safety precautions for airbag work
State the operation of 1 crash sensor type