1. Italian Renaissance
Art and Patronage
Italians were willing to spend a lot of money on art.
Art communicated social, political, and spiritual values.
Italian banking & international trade interests had the money.
Public art in Florence was organized and supported by guilds.
Therefore, the consumption of art was used as a form of competition for social & political status!

2. Charateristics of
Renaissance Art

3. 1. Realism & Expression Expulsion from the Garden Masaccio 1427
First nudes since classical times.

4. 2. Perspective First use of linear perspective! Perspective!
The Trinity
Masaccio
1427
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
First use of linear perspective!
What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become.

5. Perspective

6. The “Classical Pose” Medici “Venus” (1c)
3. Classicism
Greco-Roman influence.
Secularism.
Humanism.
Individualism  free standing figures.
Symmetry/Balance
The “Classical Pose” Medici “Venus” (1c)

7. 4. Emphasis on Individualism
Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino
Piero della Francesca,

8. Isabella d’Este – da Vinci, 1499
“First Lady of the Italian Renaissance.”
Great patroness of the arts.
Known during her time as “First Lady of the World!”

9. 5.Geometrical Arrangement of Figures
The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate
Leonardo da Vinci
1469
The figure as architecture!

10. 6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges
Sfumato
Chiaroscuro

11. 7. Artists as Personalities/Celebrities
Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects
Giorgio Vasari
1550

12. Renaissance Florence

13. Renaissance Florence Florentine lion: symbol of St. Mark
The Wool Factory by Mirabello Cavalori, 1570
1252 – first gold florins minted

14. Lorenzo the Magnificent
Cosimo de Medici

15. Florence Under the Medici
Medici Chapel
The Medici Palace

16. Filippo Brunelleschi 1377 - 1436
Architect
Cuppolo of St. Maria del Fiore

17. Brunelleschi’s “Secret”

18. Brunelleschi’s Dome

19. Comparing Domes

20. Other Famous Domes
Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)

21. Piero della Francesca
The Ideal City 1470

22. The Liberation of Sculpture
David by Donatello
1430
First free-form bronze since Roman times!

23. Verrocchio
David

24. Verrocchio The Baptism of Christ 1472 - 1475
Leonardo da Vinci

25. The
Renaissance
'Individual'

26. Leonardo da Vinci
Vitruvian Man
1492
The L’uomo universale

27. The Renaissance “Man”
Broad knowledge about many things in different fields.
Deep knowledge/skill in one area.
Able to link information from different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge.
The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education.

28. Leonardo da Vinci Self-Portrait 1512
Artist
Sculptor
Architect
Scientist
Engineer
Inventor

29. Leonardo, the Artist The Virgin of the Rocks Leonardo da Vinci

30. Leonardo, the Artist: From his Notebooks of over 5000 pages (1508-1519)

31. Leonardo da Vinci
Mona Lisa ?

32. ParodyThe Best Form of Flattery?
A Macaroni Mona

33. A Picasso Mona

34. An Andy Warhol Mona

35. A “Mona”ca Lewinsky

36. Mona Lisa OR da Vinci??

37. The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498 & Geometry

38. Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie
Refectory
Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie
Milan

39. The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498
vertical
horizontal
Perspective!

40. A Da Vinci “Code”: St. John or Mary Magdalene?

41. Leonardo, the Sculptor
An Equestrian Statue

42. Leonardo, the Architect: Pages from his Notebook
Study of a central church.
1488

43. Leonardo, the Architect: Pages from his Notebook
Plan of the city of Imola, 1502.

44. Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology):Pages from his Notebook
An example of the humanist desire to unlock the secrets of nature.

45. Leonardo, theScientist (Anatomy): Pages from his Notebook

46. Leonardo, the Inventor: Pages from his Notebook

47. Can Man Fly?

48. Studies of water-lifting devices. A study of siege defenses.
Leonardo, the Engineer: Pages from his Notebook
Studies of water-lifting devices.
A study of siege defenses.

49. Leonardo da Vinci….
“O investigator, do not flatter yourself that you know the things nature performs for herself, but rejoice in knowing that purpose of those things designed by your own mind.”

50. Renaissance Rome

51. Michelangelo Buonorrati
1475 – 1564
He represented the body in three dimensions of sculpture.

52. Michelangelo Buonarotti
David
1504
Marble

53. What a difference a century makes!

54. The Popes as Patrons of the Arts
Michelangelo Buonarroti
The Pieta
1499
marble

55. Michelangelo Buonarroti The Sistine Chapel 1508 - 1512

56. Michelangelo Buonarroti
The Sistine Chapel’s Ceiling

57. The Sistine Chapel (detail) The Creation of the Heavens

58. The Sistine Chapel (detail)
Creation of Man

59. Joe Gallo in the New York Daily News, 2004
A Modern “Adaptation”
Joe Gallo in the New York Daily News, 2004

60. The Sistine Chapel (details)
The Fall from Grace

61. The Sistine Chapel (detail)
The Last Judgment

62. Portrait of the Artist with a Friend, 1518
Raffaello Sanzio ( )
Self-Portrait, 1506
Portrait of the Artist with a Friend, 1518

63. Baldassare Castiglione by Raphael, 1514-1515
Castiglione represented the humanist “gentleman” as a man of refinement and self-control.

64. Betrothal of the Virgin
Perspective!
Raphael
Betrothal of the Virgin
1504

65. Raphael Canagiani Madonna 1507

66. Raphael’s Madonnas (1)
Sistine Madonna
Cowpepper Madonna

67. Raphael’s Madonnas (2)
Madonna della Sedia
Alba Madonna

68. Raphael The School of Athens 1510 -11
One point perspective.
All of the important Greek philosophers and thinkers are included  all of the great personalities of the Seven Liberal Arts!
A great variety of poses.
Located in the papal apartments library.
Raphael worked on this commission simultaneously as Michelangelo was doing the Sistine Chapel.
No Christian themes here.

69. Raphael The School of Athens 1510-11
Da Vinci
Raphael
Michelangelo

70. The School of Athens (detail)
Plato: looks to the heavens [or the IDEAL realm].
Aristotle: looks to this earth [the here and now].

71. Averroes
Hypatia
Pythagoras

72. Zoroaster
Ptolemy
Euclid

73. Raphael The Liberation of St. Peter 1514

74. Raphael Portrait of Pope Julius II 1511-1512
More concerned with politics than with theology.
The “Warrior Pope.”
Great patron of Renaissance artists, especially Raphael & Michelangelo.
Died in 1513

75. Raphael Pope Leo X with Cardinal Giulio de Medici and Luigi De Rossi 1518-1519
A Medici Pope.
He went through the Vatican treasury in a year!
His extravagances offended even some cardinals [as well as Martin Luther!].
Started selling indulgences.

76. Sandro Botticelli Birth of Venus 1485
An attempt to depict perfect beauty.

77. Botticelli’s Venus Motif.
2002 Euro Coin
Botticelli’s Venus Motif.
10¢ Italian Euro coin.

78. Sandro Botticelli Primavera 1482
Depicted classical gods as almost naked and life-size.

79. A Portrait of Savonarola
By Fra Bartolomeo, 1498.
Dominican friar who decried money and power.
Anti-humanist  he saw humanism as too secular, hedonistic, and corrupting.
The “Bonfire of the Vanities,” 1497.
Burned books, artwork, jewelry, and other luxury goods in public.
Even Botticelli put some of his paintings on the fire!!

80. The Execution of Savonarola 1452

81. Venice During the Renaissance

82. Berlini The Doge, Leonardo Loredon 1501

83. Titian Venus of Urbino 1558

84. Titian The Penitent Mary Magdalene 1533
By the mid-16c, High Renaissance art was declining.
Mannerism became more popular.
This painting is a good example of this new artistic style.