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Minilesson: The Rise of Islam Work Time: Video and Guide: Islamic Empire of Faith (Part I) Homework: Map Project Wednesday (12/14)
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Deserts, Towns, and Trade Routes
The Arabian Peninsula crossroads of three continents: Africa, Asia, and Europe mostly desert w/ small amount of fertile land Desert and Town Life Bedouins, Arab nomads, thrive in the desert - live in clans, give support to members some Arabs settle near oases or market towns
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Crossroads of Trade and Ideas
sea and land trade routes pass through Arabia trade extends to Byzantine empire to the north Mecca pilgrims come to Mecca to worship at the Ka’aba, an ancient shrine Arabs associate shrine with Hebrew prophet Abraham and monotheism some tribes worship many gods and spirits, bring idols to Ka’aba some Arabs believe in one God—Allah in Arabic
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The Prophet Muhammad Early Life
~A.D. 570 Muhammad is born into a powerful Meccan clan Revelations by age 40, spends much time in prayer and meditation angel Gabriel tells him he is messenger of Allah founds religion of Islam—“submission to the will of Allah” followers become Muslim—“one who has submitted”
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Hijrah—Muslim migration from Mecca to Medina
The Hijrah Muhammad’s followers are attacked; they leave Mecca in 622 Hijrah—Muslim migration from Mecca to Medina attracts many more followers, becomes great leader: - political leader—joins Jews and Arabs of Medina as a single community - religious leader—draws more converts to Islam - military leader—tackles growing hostilities between Mecca and Medina
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Returning to Mecca AD 630, Muhammad and 10,000 followers return to Mecca - Meccan leaders surrender - destroys idols in Ka’aba - convert to Islam unifies Arabian Peninsula
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The Beliefs and Practices of Islam
The Five Pillars Muslims must carry out five duties—the Five Pillars of Islam
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The Beliefs and Practices of Islam
1. Declaration of Faith monotheism rejects idolatry worship of statues and idols There is no god worthy of worship except God, and Muhammad is His Messenger [or Prophet].
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The Beliefs and Practices of Islam
2. Prayer 5x per day face Mecca recite from Koran (Qur’an) = sacred text
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The Beliefs and Practices of Islam
3. Almsgiving donate 2.5% of income
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The Beliefs and Practices of Islam
4. Fasting no eating/drinking from sunrise/sunset during Ramadan (holy month) - self purification and sign of devotion to Allah
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The Beliefs and Practices of Islam
5. Pilgrimmage hajj = religious journey to Mecca - at least once in a lifetime
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Way of Life Customs and traditions guide Muslim’s lives Scholar class, ulama, and teachers apply religion to life; no priests Sources of Authority Original source of authority for Muslims is Allah Qur’an—holy book, contains revelations Muhammad received from Allah (written in Arabic only = true version) Muslims follow Sunna—Muhammad’s example for proper living Guidance of Qur’an and Sunna assembled in body of law—shari’a
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Links to Judaism and Christianity
trace ancestry back to Abraham Allah is same God worshiped by C and J Qur’an, Gospels, Torah—contain God’s will as revealed through others Muslims, Christians, and Jews trace their roots to Abraham All three religions believe in heaven, hell, and a day of judgment Shari’a law requires Muslim leaders to extend religious tolerance
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