1. Minilesson:
The Rise of Islam
Work Time:
Video and Guide: Islamic Empire of Faith (Part I)
Homework:
Map Project Wednesday (12/14)

2. Deserts, Towns, and Trade Routes
The Arabian Peninsula
crossroads of three continents: Africa, Asia, and Europe
mostly desert w/ small amount of fertile land
Desert and Town Life
Bedouins, Arab nomads, thrive in the desert
- live in clans, give support to members
some Arabs settle near oases or market towns

4. Crossroads of Trade and Ideas
sea and land trade routes pass through Arabia
trade extends to Byzantine empire to the north
Mecca
pilgrims come to Mecca to worship at the Ka’aba, an ancient shrine
Arabs associate shrine with Hebrew prophet Abraham and monotheism
some tribes worship many gods and spirits, bring idols to Ka’aba
some Arabs believe in one God—Allah in Arabic

6. The Prophet Muhammad Early Life
~A.D. 570 Muhammad is born into a powerful Meccan clan
Revelations
by age 40, spends much time in prayer and meditation
angel Gabriel tells him he is messenger of Allah
founds religion of Islam—“submission to the will of Allah”
followers become Muslim—“one who has submitted”

7. Hijrah—Muslim migration from Mecca to Medina
The Hijrah
Muhammad’s followers are attacked; they leave Mecca in 622
Hijrah—Muslim migration from Mecca to Medina
attracts many more followers, becomes great leader:
- political leader—joins Jews and Arabs of Medina as a single community
- religious leader—draws more converts to Islam
- military leader—tackles growing hostilities between Mecca and Medina

9. Returning to Mecca
AD 630, Muhammad and 10,000 followers return to Mecca
- Meccan leaders surrender
- destroys idols in Ka’aba
- convert to Islam
unifies Arabian Peninsula

11. The Beliefs and Practices of Islam
The Five Pillars
Muslims must carry out five duties—the Five Pillars of Islam

12. The Beliefs and Practices of Islam
1. Declaration of Faith
monotheism
rejects idolatry  worship of statues and idols
There is no god worthy of worship except God, and Muhammad is His Messenger [or Prophet].

13. The Beliefs and Practices of Islam
2. Prayer
5x per day
face Mecca
recite from Koran (Qur’an) = sacred text

14. The Beliefs and Practices of Islam
3. Almsgiving
donate 2.5% of income

15. The Beliefs and Practices of Islam
4. Fasting
no eating/drinking from sunrise/sunset during Ramadan (holy month)
- self purification and sign of devotion to Allah

16. The Beliefs and Practices of Islam
5. Pilgrimmage
hajj = religious journey to Mecca
- at least once in a lifetime

17. Way of Life
Customs and traditions guide Muslim’s lives
Scholar class, ulama, and teachers apply religion to life; no priests
Sources of Authority
Original source of authority for Muslims is Allah
Qur’an—holy book, contains revelations Muhammad received from Allah (written in Arabic only = true version)
Muslims follow Sunna—Muhammad’s example for proper living
Guidance of Qur’an and Sunna assembled in body of law—shari’a

18. Links to Judaism and Christianity
trace ancestry back to Abraham
Allah is same God worshiped by C and J
Qur’an, Gospels, Torah—contain God’s will as revealed through others
Muslims, Christians, and Jews trace their roots to Abraham
All three religions believe in heaven, hell, and a day of judgment
Shari’a law requires Muslim leaders to extend religious tolerance