1. Enhancing employers’ involvement in Social Protection policy debates
Session 1.4. Understanding Convention 102 and Recommendation 202

2. 1. The concepts
2. Finance and economic concerns
3. Implementation aspects
4. Transferring the learning

3. Session 1.4. Understanding C102 and R202
At the end of this session, you will:
Understand the basic principles mentioned in ILO’s two main standards on social protection
During this session:
We will listen to a presentation on Convention No. 102 and Recommendation No. 202

4. Realizing the right to social protection: Conventions and Recommendations
ILO has 2 types of standards: Conventions and Recommendations
They lay down obligations and guidelines for ILO Member States respectively
They answer questions on: How to design national social protection systems?

5. Realizing the right to social protection: Conventions and Recommendations
Conventions are designed to be ratified. When an ILO Member State ratifies a Convention, the State becomes subject to international and legally binding obligations.
Recommendations are not for ratification. Hence, they provide general or technical guidance and supplement the corresponding Conventions.

6. Realizing the right to social protection: Main conventions
Maternity
Sickness
Unemployment
Work injury
Medical care
Convention No. 102 covers all 9 contingencies
Families with children
Invalidity
Death of the breadwinner
Old age
Life-cycle
C 183
C 128
C 128
C 128

7. Realizing the right to social protection: Parameters & principles
Who is covered?
Residents, citizens, definition of the labour law…
When are people covered?
What are the qualifying conditions? (how many years/months of contribution…)
What are the risks covered? (health, old age …)
How much and for how long?
Levels of benefits
Duration of benefits
Revision of benefits

8. Exercise 1 – Discovering Convention No. 102
Three groups:
Group 1 focuses on Part II: Medical care
Group 2 focuses on Parts IV: Unemployment benefit
Group 3 focuses on Parts VIII: Maternity benefit
Read the convention and answer the following questions (15 minutes)
Who is covered?
When are people covered?
What are the risks covered?
How much?
For how long?
Wrap-up in plenary (15 minutes)
minutes
Convention 102 was the first international standard that defines what social security means, based on what it should provide.

9. Exercise 1 – Discovering Convention No. 102
PARTS
WHO?
WHEN?
WHAT?
HOW MUCH?
HOW LONG?
II- Health care
III- Sickness
IV- Unemp.
V- Old age
VI- E.Injury
VII- Family
VIII- Maternity
IX- Invalidity
X- Survivors

10. Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1952
Maternity Benefit
(Part VIII)

11. Maternity Benefit (Part VIII)
Convention
No  
Maternity Benefit (Part VIII)
Contingency:
Risk covered
Pregnancy and confinement and their
consequences, and
resulting in suspension of earnings.

12. Minimum number of covered women: OR +
All women in prescribed classes of employees, not less than 50% of all employees, +
for maternity medical benefit also the wives of men in these classes; OR
All women in prescribed classes of economically active population, not less than 20% of all residents,
for maternity medical benefit also the wives of men in these classes

13. Types and minimum amounts of maternity benefits:
Medical care benefits:
pre-natal, confinement and post-natal
care, +
hospitalisation, where necessary.
   
Cash Benefits:
Earnings-related benefit: at least 45% of former earnings; or
Flat-rate benefit: at least 45% of
wage of unskilled worker ;

14. Maternity Benefit (Part VIII)
Maternity Benefit (Part VIII)
Entitlement conditions:
Possibility of setting a qualifying
period as may be considered
necessary to preclude abuse.
(up to 1 year)
   

15. Minimum duration of maternity benefits:
Medical care has to be granted throughout the period of pregnancy, confinement and their consequences;
Maternity cash benefit has to be granted for a minimum of 12 weeks in case of suspension of earnings.

16. Realizing the right to social protection: Parameters & principles
The State is responsible for the provision of benefits & proper functioning of the scheme 
Solidarity & pooling of risks
between men & women, rich & poor, generations.. This contributes to social cohesion 
Tripartite administration
Representatives of covered persons must participate in the management or associated to the key decisions 
Collective financing of benefits
Through contributions, taxation or both
Employees’ contributions should not exceed 50% of the financial resources allocated

17. Realizing the right to social protection: Parameters & principles
Adjustment of pensions (to keep the purchasing power)
Following changes in the cost of living or general level of earnings 
Right to appeal
In case of the refusal of the benefit
Regarding the quality & quantity of benefits 
Suspension of benefits
If beneficiary absent from territory, receives other benefits, made a fraudulent claim …

18. Convention No. 102 - 54 ratifications
Albania (2006)
Austria (1969)
Barbados (1972)
Belgium (1959)
Bolivia (1977)
Bosnia and
Herzegovina (1993)
Brazil (2009)
Bulgaria (2008)
Chad (2015)
D. R. Congo (1987)
Costa Rica (1972)
Croatia (1991)
Cyprus (1991)
Czech Rep. (1993)
Denmark (1955)
Dominican Rep (2016)
Ecuador (1974)
France (1974)
Germany (1958)
Greece (1955)
Honduras (2013)
Iceland (1961)
Ireland (1968)
Israel (1955)
Italy (1956)
Japan (1976)
Jordan (2014)
Libya (1975)
Luxembourg (1964)
Macedonia (1991)
Mauritania (1968)
Mexico (1961)
Montenegro (2006)
Netherlands (1962)
Niger (1966)
Norway (1954)
Peru (1961)
Poland (2003)
Portugal (1994)
Romania (2009)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2015)
Senegal (1962)
Serbia (2000)
Slovakia (1993)
Slovenia (1992)
Spain (1988)
Sweden (1953)
Switzerland (1977)
Turkey (1975)
Togo (2013)
United Kingdom (1954)
Ukraine (2016)
Uruguay (2010)
Venezuela (1982)

19. Refreshing the SPF concept
All residents have access to essential health care, including maternity care
All children enjoy basic income security, providing access to nutrition, education, care, and any other necessary goods and services
All persons in active age who cannot earn sufficient income, enjoy basic income security, particularly in cases of sickness, unemployment, maternity, disability
All older persons have basic income security

20. R202’s Guidance for the strategy, design and operations
Policy design
SPF part of a comprehensive system
Universality of protection
Entitlements prescribed by Law
Adequacy and predicatbility
Social inclusion, non-discrimination
Respect for the rights and dignity
Progressive realization
Solidarity in financing
Diversity of methods and approaches
Coherence with other policies
Financing
Good governance
Solidarity in financing
Diversity of financing mechanisms
Transparent, accountable and sound financial management
Financial, fisccal and economic sustainability
Coherence accross institutions
Transparent, accountable and sound administration
High quality public services
Complaints and appeal
Monitoring, evaluation
Participation (workers, employers, CSOs)

21. Using ILO R202 and C102 to shape comprehensive social security systems
Advanced Standards
R202
C102

22. Exercise 2 – Drawing the social protection staircase of your country
Each participant has to draw a social protection staircase for the health care branch of their country
Present any 3 cases
Convention 102 was the first international standard that defines what social security means, based on what it should provide.
minutes

23. Exercise 2 – Drawing the social protection staircase of your country
Level of protection
Convention 102 was the first international standard that defines what social security means, based on what it should provide.
Poor
Rest of informal sector
Formal sector
Population

24. Thank you! Questions?