1. Canadian Defence Space and Future Spaced Based MDA Capabilities
LCol Mark Roberts
ISR Projects - Director General Space

2. Overview
Mission DG Space Organization CURRENT Spaced Based Capabilities RCM and Polar epsilon 2 SAR Data Continuity Space Surveillance Requirements

3. Defence Space Mission
To maintain Space Domain Awareness and deliver space-based capabilities to enhance and enable joint Canadian Armed Forces operations.
Space Capabilities: Provided by the Royal Canadian Air Force for the Joint Warfighter

4. Canadian armed forces and Space
Why is Space Important?
Canada is the second largest country in the world with the world’s longest coast line. Yet the bulk of the Canadian population of 35 million is located within 100 miles of our southern border with the US. This unique geographic and demographic combination leads to significant sovereignty and security challenges. Space systems are often the only viable solution to address these challenges.
Canada has FIVE frontiers:
Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, United States and Space
Large land mass, sparse population, scarcity of existing infrastructure
Particularly in Canada, Space-based platforms are integral to security and sovereignty activities
Civil and commercial use of satellites for normal daily business is increasing
Some have high economic implications
Seldom apparent to the service end-user
Auroral Zone, space weather specifically affects Canada and Arctic communications
So how do space capabilities directly affect Canadian lives? More than you might realize…(next slide)

5. Positioning & Navigation
Space is…
Precision Strike
Critical TO MILITARY OPERATIONS
Missile Warning
ISR
SATCOM
Weather
IED Detection
Positioning & Navigation
Space Surveillance
C3 Systems
21ST CENTURY WARFIGHTING DEPENDS ON SPACE!

6. These are just some of the space capabilities the CAF relies on!
Surveillance of Space 2
- Follow on
Polar Epsilon 2 (supports RCM)
Enhanced SATCOM Project - Polar (Wideband & Narrowband)
MEOLUT
March 2016
These are just some of the space capabilities the CAF relies on!

7. Military space operations roadmap

8. CAF Space Organization
Comd CJOC
CJOC Directors and Components
Comd NORAD
Canadian Joint Space Component Commander
Comd CANSOFCOM
Commander RCAF
Director General Space
Director Space Operations and Readiness
Operations
Space Watch
JSST (Deployed)
Standards and Readiness
Operational Analysis
Director Space Strategic Plans
Strategic Plans
Concept Development & Exercises
R&D HR
OUTCAN Space
Director Space Requirements
NAVWAR
ISR
SATCOM
Responsible to:
Responsive to:
“Dual Hatted”
DG Space = JSCC
CFICC
CANSpOC
Space Operations
(Force Employment)
Space Capability Development
(Force Generation / Force Development)
CAF Space Organization

9. International Partnerships Other Government Departments
Director Space Requirements (DSR)
Industry
Iridium
Lockheed Martin
MDA
Mitre
Novatel
Orbital
OrcComm
Surrey Systems Ltd
Telesat
Aerospace
Airbus
COMSDEV
exactEarth GD
GDC
Honeywell
Enabling Space Effects
International Partnerships
MOU
FVEY
DSR
SATCOM
NAVWAR
ISR
Other Government Departments
Dept Fisheries & Oceans
Environment Canada
Industry Canada
NRCan CSA
PWGSC NSS
RCMP
CFD
CFD
DG Space
DND Stakeholders
ADM(PA)
ADM(IE)
RCN
ADM(Pol)
SOF
CJOC
JAG
ADM(Fin&CS)
ADM(IM)
ADM(Mat)
RCAF
ADM(S&T) CA

10. Current MDA space capabilities

11. Operational Systems:
Polar Epsilon

12. Ursa (Unclassified Remote-sensing situational awareness)
Operational Systems:
Ursa (Unclassified Remote-sensing situational awareness)

13. Future MDA SPACE capabilities

14. ISR Projects Space Force Development Polar Epsilon 2
RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM)
Surveillance of Space 2
Medium Earth Orbit Search & Rescue (MEOSAR)
Space Force Development
ISR Projects

15. ISR: Surveillance from Space
Space-based ISR for CAF operations (complement to existing classified ISR sources)
Easy sharing with mission partners, OGDs, etc.
Queuing for other ISR assets
Support for Maritime Domain Awareness, Arctic surveillance, deployed operations
Polar Epsilon 2 – Exploitation of RCM
Adding Automatic Identification System – goes from detect / partial track to 24/7 detect, track & cue
In Implementation Phase
Future Opportunities
Long term sustainment of space-based ISR capabilities

16. Coverage Canadian Domestic AOI

17. Canadian RADARSAT Heritage
C-Band radars
Optimised for Wide-Area surveillance
Hi-Res= ~1M
Unclassified data
RadarSat1
Government
2006 RadarSat2
Commercial
2018 RCM
Government

18. RADARSAT Satellites Comparison
RCM
Mass
Satellites
2750 kg
one
2280 Kg
1430 Kg
three
Complete Coverage
2-3 days
daily coverage
Exact Revisit
24 days
4 days (12/sat)
SAR Imaging Time
AIS Collection
28 min
n/a
15 min/sat
17 min/sat
Antenna Span
15 m
6.75 m
Polarization
Single HH
Single, Dual, Polarimetric
Single, Dual, Compact Pol
Altitude
Duration of one Orbit
Mission Life
800 km
100.7 min
5 years*
7 years
600 km
96.4 min 18

19. Polar Epsilon 2 & RCM
Integrated Space Segment Radar and Automatic Identification System sensors
PE2 led by DND – 2 x ground stations & processing facility will exploit RCM for DND/CAF
Includes near-real-time within PE2 Mask
Unclassified/Classified Ordering & Processing
Daily coverage-Canada’s 3 oceans
Arctic region coverage 4 times daily
Daily global coverage
4-day CCD
IOC Q4 2018
FOC Q1 2019

20. SAR Data Continuity Program
Requirement for long term Whole of Govt plan
RCM design life ends 2025/26
Capability/sensors: SAR + ?
Tech: VDOP, cross cueing, MTI, duty cycle, predictive analytics
International collaboration?
Current Focus: Capture GC Requirements (SBS-RD)

21. Government of Canada Requirements
Discussion Deck
Government of Canada Requirements
Weather Services
Ice Monitoring
Pollution / Oil Spills
Crop Monitoring
Manage Irrigation
Land-use
Resource Extraction
Flood/Forest Fires
Ship Detection
Military Operations
Search & Rescue
Monitor Coasts
Illegal Fishing
Oceans Science
Environmental Monitoring/Science
Satellite Communications
Tele-Health / Tele-Education
Navigation through icy waters

22. DND Space-Based Surveillance Requirements
Foundational document to be reviewed periodically
Represents needs of DND/CAF Operational community (focus on MDA/Maritime needs)
Global and Domestic AOIs
Includes both Unclassified and Classified Requirements
SBS-RD Intent - shareable w/ Allies, OGDs, Industry & Academia

23. Questions?