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BELLWORK: December 5th How did land, naval and air forces coordinate their actions in the Pacific? THINKER: In your opinion, which Pacific battle was the.

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Presentation on theme: "BELLWORK: December 5th How did land, naval and air forces coordinate their actions in the Pacific? THINKER: In your opinion, which Pacific battle was the."— Presentation transcript:

1 BELLWORK: December 5th How did land, naval and air forces coordinate their actions in the Pacific? THINKER: In your opinion, which Pacific battle was the most important in the defeat of Japan? Why? Explain!

2 Operations in the Pacific War
Japan’s Refusal to Surrender

3 War in the Pacific: Important Battles
By early-1942, it became difficult for Japanese to maintain control of vast empire  switch to defensive! Low on resources and weapons Codebreakers discovered several planned attacks Once a 2nd front in Europe is opened (1942), American forces concentrated on island hopping: a military strategy of attacking specific enemy-held islands. Battle of the Coral Sea: (5/4/1942) mutual bombing of navies Battle of Midway: (6/4/1942) U.S. wins its first Pacific battle by fighting entirely from the air and destroying the Japanese navy.

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5 US Aircraft Carrier, Lexington, under attack at the Battle of the Coral Sea

6 Allied Offensives: Battle of Guadalcanal: (2/9/1943) First Japanese-held territory conquered by the U.S. (paved way for 2-pronged offensive) 1944: Maximize navy, improve radar, increase defense Battle of Leyte Gulf (Philippines): (10/23/1944)Greatest naval battle in history; vital to stop oil production. Battle of Iwo Jima: (2/1945): vital to provide support for bombing campaign of mainland; clear victory Battle of Okinawa: (4/11/1945) Last obstacle to an Allied invasion of the Japanese home islands. (played huge role in future tactical decisions…..why?)

7 U.S. Marines in Guadalcanal; 1942

8 Torpedoed Japanese destroyer; Battle of Leyte Gulf

9 General MacArthur at Leyte Gulf

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11 Chinese ground forces By this point, they forced Japan out of strongholds and advanced into Burma

12 American ship, Bunker Hill, after being attacked by Kamikazes – Battle of Okinawa

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14 Allied Bombing Campaign
By Spring 1945, Japanese home islands were in range of US B-29 bombers. US Air Force decided to attack at low level with incendiary bombs. Civilian deaths = 300,000 and ½ of country’s urban centers were burned to the ground Japanese government still refused to surrender.

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17 HOMEWORK: Due tomorrow!
In honor of the 75th anniversary of Pearl Harbor, read about the Manhattan Project! Finish the “Manhattan Project” portion of the worksheet Be prepared to develop and defend your personal opinion on the atomic bomb!

18 The rest of 2016 in IB History….
Wednesday 12/6: Current Event – Trump’s team BLOCK #2: Crimes Against Civilians video Next week: War Crime Trials and review Friday 12/16: Late/Missing work due Monday 12/19: Unit 6 term cards due “Final” Exam: Tuesday 12/20: period 3 Thursday 12/22: period 6

19 Bellwork 12/6: Analyze the primary sources to list the pros/cons of the atomic bomb.
PRO BOMB! ANTI BOMB!

20 The Manhattan Project A 1941 top secret plan to develop the first atomic bomb. Combination of scientists and physicists Albert Einstein Robert Oppenheimer Presidential approval FDR Truman

21 Atomic bomb test: Los Alamos, New Mexico – July 1945

22 Truman’s decision Truman warned Japanese that if they didn’t surrender, they could expect a “rain of ruin from the air” Enola Gay dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 The second was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945

23 Hiroshima and Nagasaki

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25 Civilian Warning Pre-Hiroshima
TO THE JAPANESE PEOPLE: America asks that you take immediate heed of what we say on this leaflet. We are in possession of the most destructive explosive ever devised by man. A single one of our newly developed atomic bombs is actually the equivalent in explosive power to what 2000 of our giant B-29s can carry on a single mission. This awful fact is one for you to ponder and we solemnly assure you it is grimly accurate. We urge that you accept these consequences and begin the work of building a new, better and peace-loving Japan. You should take steps now to cease military resistance. Otherwise, we shall resolutely employ this bomb and all our other superior weapons to promptly and forcefully end the war.

26 Civilian Warning Pre-Nagasaki
ATTENTION JAPANESE PEOPLE. EVACUATE YOUR CITIES. Because your military leaders have rejected the surrender declaration, two momentous events have occurred in the last few days. The Soviet Union, because of this rejection on the part of the military has notified your Ambassador Sato that it has declared war on your nation. Thus, all powerful countries of the world are now at war with you. Also, because of your leaders' refusal to accept the surrender declaration that would enable Japan to honorably end this useless war, we have employed our atomic bomb. A single one of our newly developed atomic bombs is actually the equivalent in explosive power to what 2000 of our giant B-29s could have carried on a single mission. Radio Tokyo has told you that with the first use of this weapon of total destruction, Hiroshima was virtually destroyed. Before we use this bomb again and again to destroy every resource of the military by which they are prolonging this useless war, petition the emperor now to end the war. Our president has outlined for you the thirteen consequences of an honorable surrender. We urge that you accept these consequences and begin the work of building a new, better, and peace-loving Japan. Act at once or we shall resolutely employ this bomb and all our other superior weapons to promptly and forcefully end the war. EVACUATE YOUR CITIES.

27 Aftermath Ground Temperature 7000F Force Winds 980mph Energy Released
20,000 tons of TNT Buildings Destroyed 62,000 Killed Immediately 80,000 people Dead by end of 1945 140,000 people Total Deaths 220,000 people

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30 Hiroshima

31 Nagasaki

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33 Japan surrendered to General Douglas MacArthur on September 2, 1945
"Should We continue to fight, it would not only result in an ultimate collapse and obliteration of the Japanese nation, but also it would lead to the total extinction of human civilization." Emperor Hirohito

34 Effects of WWII in Asia Japan was eliminated as a major power
Allied occupation of Japan; MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP) Removal of Japanese troops in China In 1949, China falls to communism under Mao Zedong Territories are reclaimed: Taiwan, Korea (divided), Pacific Islands USSR gets control of Sakhalin and Kuril Islands The Emperor would help maintain political stability and facilitate reform Japan was turned into a democratic state with a new constitution

35 Bellwork 12/6: Analyze the primary sources to list the pros/cons of the atomic bomb.
PRO BOMB! ANTI BOMB!

36 What do YOU think? Was dropping the atomic bomb the right thing to do?
PRO BOMB! ANTI BOMB! ________________________________________________________

37 HOMEWORK: Block 2 Read and annotate the “Effects of WWII in the Pacific” Pages

38 Was dropping the Atomic Bomb the right thing to do?
You and your partner will be given various primary sources about the atomic bomb and its ethical/moral/strategic repercussions. One will read the pro arguments (FOR the A-bomb) One will read the con arguments (AGAINST the A-bomb) After reading, complete the worksheet for your viewpoint. Discuss your readings with your partner and fill in your chart. Be prepared to discuss and participate!

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