1. Study Guide for Design and Modeling Quiz

2. Introduction to Engineering
Gateway To Technology
Unit 1 – Lesson 1.1 – What is Engineering?
Engineer
Engineer uses scientific, technological, and mathematical knowledge to solve practical problems.
Engineers strive to make our lives better, easier, cheaper, more efficient, and more fun by solving problems in everyday life.

3. Engineers Can Do Anything
Introduction to Engineering
Gateway To Technology
Unit 1 – Lesson 1.1 – What is Engineering?
Engineers Can Do Anything
Invention – Develop a new product, system, or process that has never existed before
Innovation – Improve an existing technological product, system, or method
Invent
Build
Design
Analyze
Orchestrate
Create
Conceive
Evaluate
Improve

4. Early Measurement History
PLTW Gateway
Unit 1– Lesson 1.3 – Measurement
The Cubit
The cubit was the measurement used by the Egyptians to build the pyramids.
The cubit is the measure from your elbow to the tip of your middle finger when your arm is extended.

5. Early Measurement History
PLTW Gateway
Unit 1– Lesson 1.3 – Measurement
The Fathom
The fathom was used by seamen to measure the depth of water so that boats would not run aground and be stranded.
The fathom is the measure from fingertip to fingertip when your arms are stretched sideways as far as they will go. You sometimes see a rope or fabric measured in this way.

6. Early Measurement History
PLTW Gateway
Unit 1– Lesson 1.3 – Measurement
The Hand-span
The hand-span was used to measure the height of horses. People still describe horses as being so many hands high.
The hand-span is the measure from the tip of your pinky to the tip of your thumb when your hand is stretched out.

7. Early Measurement History
PLTW Gateway
Unit 1– Lesson 1.3 – Measurement
The Pace
This term was used by the Roman army to judge speed. The term is still used frequently during various types of foot races.
The pace is the measure of distance from one step to another.

8. Early Measurement History
PLTW Gateway
Unit 1– Lesson 1.3 – Measurement
The Foot
A measurement equal to the length of an individuals foot.
King Henry 1 standardized this measurement, because his foot was 12 inches long.

9. Early Measurement History
PLTW Gateway
Unit 1– Lesson 1.3 – Measurement
The Girth
Girth was a measurement often used to measure fishing line.
The girth was the measurement around one’s stomach (your belt measure).

10. Early Measurement History
PLTW Gateway
Unit 1– Lesson 1.3 – Measurement
The Palm
The palm is the width of your four fingers when they are placed together.

11. Technology
the application of knowledge, using resources, to meet human needs/wants and solve problems.
Exponential
The rate at which technology changes

12. Need - Something you have to have to survive.
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™
12/01/2009
Needs and Wants
Need - Something you have to have to survive.
Want - Something to make our things easier or entertaining.
If using one, the teacher can post the Words to Know on a Word Wall.
Remind students to fill out Student Resource 1.1.1, “Words to Know”
© International Technology Education Assoc
Slide #12

13. Design Process Define the Problem Generate Concepts Develop a Solution
Construct and Test a Prototype
Evaluate the Solution
Present the Solution
This design process was developed based on the University of Maryland - College Park - IRB Research Project

14. Define the Problem Identify a problem Validate the problem
Who says it is a problem?
Needs and wants
Prior solutions
Justify the problem
Is the problem worth solving?
Create design requirements (specifications)
Criteria and constraints
Design Brief

15. Define the Problem Design Brief
A written plan that identifies a problem to be solved, its criteria, and its constraints.
Used to encourage thinking of all aspects of a problem before attempting a solution.

16. Generate Concepts Research Brainstorm possible solutions
Presentation Name
Course Name
Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name
Generate Concepts
Research
Brainstorm possible solutions
Consider additional design goals
Apply STEM principles
Select an approach
Decision Matrix
When generating concepts the designer should research past solutions and brainstorm new ideas. During the brainstorming process, additional design goals that will enhance the design may become apparent. As in all steps of the Design Process, the designer should apply STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) principles.
Once you have generated multiple possible solutions, narrow your efforts to one (or a few) solution paths. One method of selecting an approach is the use of a Decision Matrix.

17. Develop a Solution Create detailed design solution
Justify the solution path
Technical Drawings

18. Construct and Test a Prototype
Construct a testable prototype
Plan prototype testing
Performance
Usability
Durability
Test prototype
collect test data
analyze test data
Test Report

19. Evaluate the Solution Evaluate solution effectiveness
Reflect on design
Recommend improvements
Optimize/Redesign the solution
[Return to prior design process steps, if necessary]
Revise design documents
Project Recommendations

20. Tools for Precision Measuring
PLTW Gateway®
Unit 1 – Lesson 1.3 – Measuring
Digital Caliper
One of the most common tools for reverse engineering is the dial caliper because of its versatility.
Dial Caliper

21. Inside Measuring Faces
Precision Measuring
PLTW Gateway®
Unit 1 – Lesson 1.3 – Measuring
Dial Caliper Parts
Inside Measuring Faces
Dial
Clamp Screw
Blade
Fine Adjustment Screw
Dial Adjustment Screw
Outside Measuring Faces

22. { The dial caliper is a precision measuring instrument.
Reading a Dial Caliper
PLTW Gateway®
Unit 1 – Lesson 1.3 – Measuring
The dial caliper is
a precision measuring
instrument.
The caliper’s blade graduations are
in inches and tenths (.1) of an inch.
inch {
Each inch is broken into ten, for .1 of an inch.

23. The caliper’s dial graduations are
Precision Measuring
Reading a Dial Caliper
PLTW Gateway®
Unit 1 – Lesson 1.3 – Measuring
The caliper’s dial graduations are
in thousandths (.001) of an inch.
The reference edge keeps track of larger increments; the dial is for smaller increments.

24. One full revolution of the pointer on the dial equals
Precision Measuring
PLTW Gateway®
Unit 1 – Lesson 1.3 – Measuring
One full revolution of the pointer
on the dial equals
one hundred thousandths (.100).

25. 2 Step 1 Read inches from the blade 1 in. – 6 in.
Precision Measuring
Reading a Dial Caliper
PLTW Gateway®
Unit 1 – Lesson 1.3 – Measuring
Step 1
Read inches from the blade 2
1 in. – 6 in.

26. 2 3 Step 2 Read tenths of an inch from the blade 1 in. – 6 in.
Precision Measuring
Reading a Dial Caliper
PLTW Gateway®
Unit 1 – Lesson 1.3 – Measuring
Step 2
Read tenths of an inch from
the blade 2 3
1 in. – 6 in.
.0 in. -.9 in.

27. 2 3 2 8 Step 3 Read thousandths of an inch from the dial 1 in. – 6 in.
Precision Measuring
Reading a Dial Caliper
PLTW Gateway®
Unit 1 – Lesson 1.3 – Measuring
Step 3
Read thousandths of an inch from the dial 2 3
2 8
1 in. – 6 in.
.0 in.- .9 in.
.001 in in.

28. Dial Calipers Measure Thickness or Outside Diameter
Precision Measuring
PLTW Gateway®
Unit 1 – Lesson 1.3 – Measuring
Dial Calipers Measure
Thickness or Outside Diameter

29. Dial Calipers Measure Thickness or Outside Diameter
Precision Measuring
PLTW Gateway®
Unit 1 – Lesson 1.3 – Measuring
Dial Calipers Measure
Thickness or Outside Diameter
Inside Diameter or Space Width
Depth

30. Dial Calipers Measure Thickness or Outside Diameter
Precision Measuring
PLTW Gateway®
Unit 1 – Lesson 1.3 – Measuring
Dial Calipers Measure
Thickness or Outside Diameter
Inside Diameter or Space Width
Depth
Step Distance

31. Discussion Questions List measurement tools…
Precision Measuring
PLTW Gateway®
Unit 1 – Lesson 1.3 – Measuring
Discussion Questions
List measurement tools…
Steel Rule Tape Measure
Dial Caliper Meter Stick
Which of the tools listed would be best to use, and why, when measuring:
The hallway
Engineering Notebook
Pencil diameter
Height of your desk

32. 1. Why do we use a design process?
2. Which stage of the design process do you think is most important? Why?
3. Teamwork is an important part of completing projects and design challenges. If you were working on a team, how would you contribute to the team?
4. Which team won the challenge that you viewed? Based on what you saw, how would you explain their success?

33. Define a Problem
One way to Define a Problem is to use a design brief. You and your group can decide what you want to design (table or chair), who will use your piece of furniture (adult or child), and the purpose of the piece of furniture.

34. Generate Concepts
Now you need to Generate Concepts. What information might you need in order to make your table or chair? Appropriate size? Appropriate materials? How much weight must it hold? What else?

35. Develop A Solution
The next step is to Develop A Solution. Your teacher will provide you with graph paper for sketching your ideas. Both you and your partner should each sketch three different ideas and annotate (put notes on) your sketch where appropriate. Overall dimensions are important to include on your sketches.

36. Prototype
We will not construct a Prototype. However, you and your group could have developed a small scale object of the chair. Keep this in mind as you grow as a student and future projects.

37. Evaluate the Solution
This is where we test and look at product before I or
another faculty member sits in your chair. Be careful.

38. Present the Solution
Show your project
Give an explanation

39. Engineer
A person who is trained in and uses technological and scientific knowledge to solve practical problems.

40. Annotate
A sketch on which notes are made to provide further information.

41. Brainstorming
A method of shared problem solving in which all members of a group spontaneously, and in an unrestrained discussion, generate ideas.

42. Accuracy
The condition or quality of being true, correct, or exact; precision; exactness. The degree of correctness of a quantity or expression.

43. Measurement
Collecting data in a quantifiable manner.

44. Introduction to Engineering
Gateway To Technology
Unit 1 – Lesson 1.1 – What is Engineering?
Scientists
Investigate our
natural world
Technologists
Apply science and
math to designs
Mathematicians
Use numbers and symbols
to solve problems
Engineers
Create our
designed world
STEM
Working together
based on societal
needs and wants
Our knowledge-based economy is driven by constant innovation. The foundation of innovation lies in a dynamic, motivated, and well-educated workforce equipped with STEM skills. However, the nature of our workforce and the needs of our industries have changed over time. Today, an understanding of scientific and mathematical principles, a working knowledge of computer hardware and software, and the problem solving skills developed by courses in STEM are necessary for most jobs. Therefore, STEM education is an enormous and pressing need.

45. Engineer Career Worksheet
The Students will complete A to Z worksheet about Engineering careers A to Z.

46. Caliper
A measuring tool with two usually adjustable jaws used especially to measure thickness or diameter.

47. Divisor
The number below the line in a fraction.

48. Diameter
A straight line passing from side to side through the center of a circle or sphere.

49. Metric System
The decimal measuring system based on the meter, liter, and gram as units of length, capacity, and weight or mass.

50. Numerator
The number above the line in a fraction showing how many of the parts indicated by the denominator is taken.

51. Precision
The degree to which several measurements or calculations show the same or similar results. 

52. Unit
A standard quantity in terms of which other quantities may be expressed.

53. PBS Kids Cardboard furniture
1. Why do we use a design process?
2. Which stage of the design process do you think is most important? Why?
3. Teamwork is an important part of completing projects and design challenges. If you were working on a team, how would you contribute to the team?
4. Which team won the challenge that you viewed? Based on what you saw, how would you explain their success?

54. Cardboard Furniture Video