1. Vocabulary: Opium Wars, Sun Yat-sen, Meiji Restoration
NDP, World History (Shuler) Imperialism and East Asian Superpowers: China vs. Japan
Focus: What did East Asian great powers do when confronted by western industrial might? Contrast China and Japan.
Vocabulary: Opium Wars, Sun Yat-sen, Meiji Restoration

2. What’s going on in this cartoon?

3. China Confronts the West
1793 China rejects the trade requests of the Macartney Embassy from Britain
Two Opium Wars ( and ) – British victories based on technology
Treaty of Nanking forces China to cede the city of Hong Kong to U.K., open its ports, and keep tariffs low
The first steam ironclad, the H.M.S. Nemesis, sinking becalmed Chinese war junks

4. The Fall of China
Britain, Germany, Portugal, France, Russia, and Japan all vie for a piece of China:
Carving out “Spheres of Influence”
Extraterritoriality: Europeans in China are judged in European courts, not Chinese
The Qing dynasty gradually lost its power in China during the 1800s. Why?
Rulers are “foreign barbarians” (Manchus)
Humiliation in wars with Europe
Empress Cixi and government corruption
Drought and environmental disaster

5. U.S.A. comes late to the party, demands an “Open Door Policy” for all
East Asia and the West
U.S.A. comes late to the party, demands an “Open Door Policy” for all

6. China’s ‘Century of Humiliation’
Taiping Rebellion
Chinese believed the Qing emperor has lost his ‘mandate of heaven’ and they rebel under Jesus’ brother (or so he says)
Qing soldiers fight the Taiping rebels with the aid of the British and French
20 million lives lost
Boxer Rebellion
Named after the Harmonious Fists – a secret society combining martial arts and hatred of foreigner

7. Sun Yat-sen (Sun Yixian)
Father of Modern China
Born near Hong Kong; schooled in Hawaii
Christian
Starts a newspaper, raises money all over Asia, and helps in the overthrow of the Qing government, declaring a republic in 1912 (R.O.C.)
3 principles: nationalism, democracy, “people’s livelihood”
But Europeans still prefer to deal with (and arm) local warlords and drug dealers in their own sphere of influence

8. What’s going on in this cartoon with THIS guy?

9. Japan: An Initial Victim
Tokugawa regime wanted to limit contact with outside world,
Commodore Perry (U.S.A.!) arrives in 1853 and 1854 with black warships, forces Japan to open itself to trade

10. Japan: Success!
1868 The “Meiji Restoration”: samurai overthrow the shogun and give power back to Emperor Meiji
Representatives go abroad to learn Western ways.
An era of very rapid modernization and industrialization with a constitutional monarchy
Japan starts its own imperialism in Korea & Taiwan
1905 Beats Russia in a war for influence on China’s northern border, sinking two Russian fleets

11. Japan: A New Imperial Power

12. Japan: Why? Prosperous market economy
Strong centralized government with courage
Culturally united with ethos of communal work
Strong attention to detail and craftsmanship in industry
Less attractive of a target to Westerners than China = more time to prepare

13. Viewing Japanese Responses to Change
Look at the following images (in chronological order). What evidence do these Japanese primary sources give us for what Japanese citizens thought about the changes occurring around them?