1. Macbeth
-An Introduction-

2. Macbeth: An Introduction
Macbeth is among the best-known of William Shakespeare’s plays.
Shakespeare’s shortest tragedy.
Believed to have been written between 1603 and 1606 for King James himself.
Believed that it was originally written with a limited amount of witchcraft but then asked to add more by the king.

3. Macbeth: An Introduction
It is frequently performed at both amateur and professional levels, and has been adapted for opera, film, books, stage and screen.
Often regarded as archetypal, the play tells of the dangers of the lust for power and the betrayal of friends.

4. The Real Macbeth king of Scotland (1040–57).
He succeeded his father as governor of the province of Moray c.1031
was a military commander for Duncan I.
(Right: portrait of Macbeth)

5. The Real Macbeth
In 1040, Macbeth killed Duncan in battle and seized the throne.
Possibly of royal descent himself, he acquired a direct claim to the throne through his wife, Gruoch; she was a granddaughter of Kenneth III, who had been overthrown by Duncan's ancestor Malcolm II.
(Right: portrait of Duncan I)

6. “The Scottish Play”
There are many superstitions centred on the belief that the play is somehow “cursed”.

7. “The Scottish Play” Explanation #1
Shakespeare is said to have used the spells of real witches in his text, purportedly angering the witches and causing them to curse the play.

8. “The Scottish Play” Explanation #2
Struggling theatres or companies would often put on this popular 'blockbuster' in an effort to save their flagging fortunes.
However, it is a tall order for any single production to reverse a long-running trend of poor business.
Therefore, the last play performed before a theatre shut down was often Macbeth, and thus the growth of the idea that it was an 'unlucky' play.

9. “The Scottish Play” Explanation #3
Theatre companies may have used Macbeth as a back-up play if they were to lose an actor and were not able to perform the production originally planned for the performance.
Macbeth requires fewer actors (when doubling of characters for actors occurs) and has the least amount of text for the actors to memorize.
Macbeth may have been the play kept in theatre companies' back pockets, just in case some bad luck were to occur prior to any planning of a performance.

10. “The Scottish Play”: A Chronology of Misfortunes

11. “The Scottish Play”
Several methods exist to dispel the curse, depending on the actor.
One is to immediately leave the building the stage is in with the person who uttered the name, walk around it three times, spit over their left shoulders, say an obscenity then wait to be invited back into the building.
Another popular "ritual" is to leave the room, knock three times, be invited in, and then quote a line from Hamlet.
Yet another is to recite one of Shylock's monologues from The Merchant of Venice.

12. Superstition of Characters’ Names
“The Scottish Play”
Superstition of Characters’ Names
MacBee
Macker’s
Mr. and Mrs. M.
The Scottish King
MacWhat’s-his-face

13. Act 1: The Witches AKA the Weird Sisters
Painting by William Rimmer depicting the witches’ conjuration of an apparition
(Act IV, scene i)
Macbeth and Banquo meet the witches (Act I, scene iii) by Johann Heinrich Fussli
Portrayal in the 2006 film version of Macbeth

14. Act 1: The Witches
Their character is modeled after Norse mythology- the Norns (three Fates)
the name Urðr (Wyrd, Weird) means "fate" or simply "future",
The norns- by Arthur Rackham

15. Act 1: Summary
Three Weird Sisters setting up the entire theme of the play: Fair is foul and foul is fair.
A war between Scotland and Norway.
Scotland is victorious due to the valiant efforts of Macbeth. The traitorous Thane of Cawdor is captured and executed.
King Duncan decides he will reward Macbeth with the title of Thane of Cawdor in thanks.
Weird Sisters give prophecy
Macbeth: Thane of Cawdor and King
Banquo: Children will be kings
Macbeth soon learns of his new title, fulfilling the first part of the prophesy, and sends word to his wife. King Duncan plans on staying the night at Macbeth's home.
Ruthless Ambition Ignites!!!
Lady Macbeth receives the news and immediately starts doing some weird stuff with the spirit world. This results in her plot to kill King Duncan so her husband will be king.
Lady Macbeth manipulates Macbeth into following her plans, and he reluctantly agrees to murder Duncan.
By the end of Act I, Macbeth is determined to follow through with the plan.

16. Act 2: Summary
Macbeth again has some doubts (and visions), but he soon talks himself into following through with the murder.
Macbeth freaks out so Lady Macbeth finishes the rest of the plan by wiping blood on the drunk guards.
The next morning, Macduff and Lennox arrive at Macbeth's, and Macduff discovers the dead body of King Duncan.
All are shocked and Macbeth plays his role to perfection.
The guards are immediately suspect and Macbeth kills them "in a fit of sorrow and rage." Malcolm and Donalbain, the King's sons, flee the castle because they are afraid that they will be blamed for the murder of their father.

17. Act 3: Summary
Banquo begins to suspect Macbeth for the murder of King Duncan and Macbeth in turn feels that Banquo will reveal that it was he that killed the King.
Therefore, Macbeth sends out some thugs to murder Banquo and his son, Fleance. Banquo is murdered, but Fleance escapes.
Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, Lennox, Ross, and other lords attend a banquet.
The ghost of Banquo presents itself to Macbeth. Macbeth begins to rant and rave, making the other guests uneasy.
Lady Macbeth tries to cover up the situation by saying Macbeth is prone to fits.
By the end of this Act, we learn that Macduff has not attended the banquet because he has gone to England, looking for aid because he is suspicious of Macbeth.

18. Act 4: Summary
Macbeth confronts the three Weird Sisters and they show him more visions.
The 3rd apparition leads Macbeth to believe that he cannot be killed by any man, giving him a false sense of security even though the first 2 apparitions were quite negative.
1st apparition: Armed head Beware MacDuff
2nd apparition: Bloody Child  None born of a woman shall harm you
3rd apparition: Crowned child with branch  No harm shall come until Birnam Wood moves
4th apparition: Mirror  8 kings of Banquo
He then plans to send murderers to the castle of Macduff (who is in England ) in order to kill his family.
Macduff is in England begging Malcolm to return to Scotland and seize the throne from Macbeth who has become a tyrant.
Malcolm tests Macduff's loyalty to Scotland and himself, and after being satisfied with Macduff's responses, he agrees to wage war against Macbeth.

19. Act 5: Summary
Lady Macbeth has finally gone mad with guilt over the murders. The once strong and ruthless woman is now a scared child. Doctors are unable to help her.
(Scene 1)
Some of the Scottish lords are discussing Macbeth's state of mind and have come to the conclusion that they will help Malcolm and Macduff fight against Macbeth.
Macbeth isn't worried at all because the prophecy, he believes, insures that he cannot be killed by any man born of woman.
Macbeth soon confronts Macduff and learns that Macduff was ripped from his mother's side and not born naturally (cesarean).
Thus, Macbeth is killed by Macduff, just as Macbeth had conquered the other Thane of Cawdor. Malcolm then becomes the rightful King of Scotland
(Scene 8)